Realty411 Magazine Featuring Lee Arnold from Cogo Capital | Page 35
The Federal Reserve
The Federal Reserve attempts to regulate the
economy by controllinge money
supply. When there’s more
money flowing, prices tend
to increase. When there’s
less liquidity, less money
circulating, prices tend
to decline. One of the
ways the Fed controls
the circulation of money
is by raising or lowering
the overnight lending
rates basically what it
costs banks to borrow
money and lend it out.
The Fed lowered these short
term interest rates to near-zero
levels after the Great Recession in an attempt to
jumpstart a flatlined economy. It also bought bonds to
keep interest rates low, and launched quantitative
easing programs that essentially created money “out of
thin air” for circulation.
It worked! With trillions of new, freshly minted
dollars circulating, the economy came back to life, and
a decade later, is booming.
But, a boom can also lead to a bubble, and bubbles
burst. So the Fed regulates booms by lowering interest
rates. One sign of an overheated economy is runaway
inflation, so the Federal Reserve set 2% inflation
as a benchmark for raising rates. Inflation hit that 2%
mark in 2015, so the Fed began to reverse it’s easy
money policies by raising rates. Since then, the Fed has
raised rates nine times, including four rate
hikes
in 2018 alone.
This attempt to slow things down also
worked!
It’s not surprising. Higher rates make
everything more expensive, which can
curb borrowing and spending. This
effectively pulls the throttle on the
economy and slows down inflation.
Plus, there may be another reason why
the Fed has been steadily raising rates. The
economy has been booming for a decade
now, and many economists believe it’s
now near its peak. Some are predicting a recession by
2020. One of the Federal Reserve’s arsenals for turning
around a recession is to lower interest rates. But if rates
are already low, the Fed has nowhere to go. It has to go
up first so it can go down again in the future. Therefore,
some say the Fed has been raising rates so that they can
lower rates again next year.
Mortgage Rates
Higher shortterm interest rates makes it more
expensive to buy cars, take out equity loans, and use
credit cards. They also make variablerate mortgages
higher, but they do not have a direct influence on long
term mortgage rates. In fact, in December when the
Fed raised rates for the 4th time, longterm mortgage
rates actually went down. Why?
Longterm rates follow the bond market more closely
than the Fed Fund rate. When investors are confident,
they invest in the stock market. When they are fearful,
they seek the safety of bonds specifically the 10year
Treasury note. Those same investors tend to flock to the
safety of mortgagebacked securities. When more
investors are buying, prices decline. So when there’s
more fear in the market, longterm interest rates tend to
soften.
The Fed’s December rate hike rattled the stock market,
sending anxious investors to the safety of bonds. As a
result, stocks took a sharp nose dive in December. More
purchasers of bonds and mortgagebacked securities
effectively lowered longterm mortgage rates. This could
help boost home sales in the spring.
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