Rail Analysis India June Digital Magazine 2018 | Page 32

Exclusive Interview | 33
In Early 20th Century, A San Francisco-based Architect,
Urban designer and urban planner “Peter Calthorpe”, coined
a term Transit Oriented Development (TOD) which defines
“A mixed land use community within an average 2000 foot
walking distance of a transit stop and core commercial area.
TODs mix residential, retail, office, open space, and public
uses in a walk able environment, making it convenient for
residents and employees enables people to travel by transit,
bicycle, foot or car”. Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
also known as Transit Supportive Development (TSD). One of
the earliest and most successful examples of Transit Oriented
Development TOD is Curitiba, Brazil or Arlington, in USA.
in
What is the relation of Transport with land use? Is there
any policy focusing on it?
Land use and Transporta tion are both connected with
each other. Transport is the most essential component for
shaping development of a city. Land use is one of the prime
determinants for movement and activity. This means, land use
determines the demand for transport. Land use may influence
in increase or decrease in accessibility. Integration of land-
use and transit is very essential. National Urban Transport
Policy (NUTP) also emphasizes on integrated land use and
transport planning. It may help to reduce congestion and to
help to create more viable urban spaces.
Explain us in how many ways the integration of land-use
and transit can be carried out?
In 19th Century there were concepts like Transit Adjacent
Development (TAD), a development which is physically near
transit but fails to capitalize upon this proximity to promote
transit riding and other economic benefits, which lacks in
functional connectivity to transit/ with transit, through the
Integration of Land use with Transit, near or along the station
access, and in economic and fiscal benefits. Fremont is a city
in California used to be a good example of Transit Adjacent
development.
Now Development Oriented Transit (DOT) is defined as a
process in which transit is incorporated after development.
The DOT defines as initiative to development first whereas
TOD defines as initiative to transit first. For example Electric
streetcar systems is evolved after the development of the
electric traction motor in the 1890’s in network.
But this term, Dittmar H. and Ohland G in 2004 also described
the Development Oriented Transit (DOT) which is built to
serve the development. Here transit follows the development
rather than vice-versa.
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As time Transit Adjacent Development is gradually changed
into Transit Joint Development (TJD) which is Joint with
transit neither before nor after transit. Tokyo is one of the
best examples for Transit Joint Development which did not
restrict itself to Transit Joint Development, but expanded as
a Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as well. Transit Joint
Development (TJD) also states that a type of development
which occurs because of any formal agreement or
arrangement between a public transit agency and a private
individual or organization. Hong-Kong is one of the good
examples of this type of development.
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