Radioprotection No. 60-1 | Page 122

116 S. Ito et al.: Radioprotection 2025, 60( 1), 109 – 119
Table 4. PEMAT-P item scores by Source and overall( n = 116).
Total Municipalities Prefectures EDU * EDU * Businesses
n % n % AR n % AR n % AR n % AR n % AR
P-value
Understandability
Content
1 The material makes its purpose completely evident
91
78.4
42
77.8
-0.2
20
74.1
-0.6
16
88.9
1.2
9
69.2
-0.9
4
100.0
1.1
0.520
2 The material does not include information or content that distracts from its purpose
109
94.0
51
94.4
0.2
25
92.6
-0.3
18
100.0
1.2
11
84.6
-1.5
4
100.0
0.5
0.474
Word Choice & Style
3 The material uses common, everyday language
82
70.7
43
79.6
2.0
19
70.4
0.0
13
72.2
0.2
5
38.5
-2.7
2
50.0
-0.9
0.051
4 Medical terms are used only to familiarize audience with the terms. When used,
90
77.6
43
79.6
0.5
25
92.6
2.1
11
61.1
-1.8
7
53.8
-2.2
4
100.0
1.1
0.019
medical terms are defined
Use of Numbers
5 Numbers appearing in the material are clear and easy to understand 1
52
49.5
28
58.3
1.7
17
65.4
1.9
2
12.5
-3.2
3
27.3
-1.6
2
50.0
0.0
0.005
6 The material does not expect the user to perform calculations 1
103
95.4
48
100.0
2.0
26
100.0
1.3
15
83.3
-2.7
10
83.3
-2.1
4
100.0
0.4
0.009
Organization
7 The material breaks or " chunks " information into short section
87
75.0
51
94.4
4.5
23
85.2
1.4
6
33.3
-4.4
4
30.8
-3.9
3
75.0
0.0
< 0.001
8 The material’ s sections have informative headers
104
89.7
53
98.1
2.8
25
92.6
0.6
10
55.6
-5.2
12
92.3
0.3
4
100.0
0.7
< 0.001
9 The material presents information in a logical sequence
94
81.0
42
77.8
-0.8
27
100.0
2.9
15
83.3
0.3
6
46.2
-3.4
4
100.0
1.0
0.001
10 The material provides a summary
23
19.8
6
11.1
-2.2
11
40.7
3.1
4
22.2
0.3
2
15.4
-0.4
0
0.0
-1.0
0.024
Layout & Design
11 The material uses visual cues to draw attention to key points
88
75.9
43
79.6
0.9
20
74.1
-0.2
13
72.2
-0.4
8
61.5
-1.3
4
100.0
1.1
0.505
Use of Visual Aids
12 The material uses visual aids whenever they could make content more easily understood
95
81.9
47
87.0
1.3
24
88.9
1.1
14
77.8
-0.5
6
46.2
-3.6
4
100.0
1.0
0.007
13 The material’ s visual aids reinforce rather than distract from the content
80
69.0
39
72.2
0.7
20
74.1
0.7
13
72.2
0.3
4
30.8
-3.2
4
100.0
1.4
0.023
14 The material’ s visual aids have clear titles or captions
67
57.8
28
51.9
-1.2
17
63.0
0.6
13
72.2
1.4
5
38.5
-1.5
4
100.0
1.7
0.111
15 The material uses illustrations and photographs that are clear and uncluttered
86
74.1
42
77.8
0.8
19
70.4
-0.5
12
66.7
-0.8
9
69.2
-0.4
4
100.0
1.2
0.617
16 The material uses simple tables with short and clear row and column headings 1
71
93.4
38
90.5
-1.2
14
100.0
1.1
13
92.9
-0.1
3
100.0
0.5
3
100.0
0.5
0.734
Actionability
17 The material clearly identifies at least one action the user can take
98
84.5
53
98.1
3.8
27
100.0
2.5
9
50.0
-4.4
7
53.8
-3.2
2
50.0
-1.9
< 0.001
18 The material addresses the user directly when describing actions
84
72.4
49
90.7
4.1
26
96.3
3.2
4
22.2
-5.2
5
38.5
-2.9
0
0.0
-3.3
< 0.001
19 The material breaks down any action into manageable, explicit steps
66
56.9
38
70.4
2.7
24
88.9
3.8
1
5.6
-4.8
2
15.4
-3.2
1
25.0
-1.3
< 0.001
20 The material provides a tangible tool whenever it could help the user take action
59
50.4
39
72.2
4.3
14
51.9
0.1
4
22.2
-2.6
1
7.7
-3.3
1
25.0
-1.1
< 0.001
21 The material provides simple instructions or examples of how to perform calculations 1
None applicable
22 The material explains how to use the charts, graphs, tables, or diagrams to take actions 1
32
43.2
15
31.9
-2.6
12
63.2
2.0
3
50.0
0.3
1
100.0
1.2
1
100.0
1.2
0.082
23 The material uses visual aids whenever they could make it easier to act on the instructions
77
66.4
45
83.3
3.6
24
88.9
2.8
3
16.7
-4.9
4
30.8
-2.9
1
25.0
-1.8
< 0.001
1 Including not applicable to the response method; AR = adjusted residuals; Significant difference if adjusted residuals are greater than or less than 1. 96( p < 0. 05).
* GOV: National Government / Ministry. EDU: Academic Organizations.