J . Yan and D . Li : Radioprotection 2024 , 59 ( 4 ), 287 – 295 289
Table 1 . Selenium and selenium-containing compounds and metabolites to function as valuable radioprotective adjuvants . Se-L-Met , Seleno-L- Methionine ; Eb , Ebselen ; Se-NPs , selenium nanoparticles .
Type of Selenium Seupplementation
Dosage of Selenium Object Dosage of Radiation Timing Author
Selenium |
800 IU for selenium |
human |
2 Gy of X-rays |
before radiation |
Rostami et al . ( 2016 ) |
|
group and 50 mg for combined group |
|
|
|
|
|
0.8 mg / kg body weight |
mice |
2 Gy of g irradiation |
before radiation |
H Bagheri et al . ( 2019 ) |
Se-L-Met |
10 mM |
RKO cells |
UV-radiation |
before radiation |
Fischer et al . ( 2006 ) |
|
100 mg / kg body weight / day * 30d |
mice |
UV-radiation |
before radiation |
Guo , Guo , and Liu ( 2020 ) |
|
4 mg / kg body weight |
rats |
2 Gy of g irradiation |
before radiation |
H Bagheri et al . ( 2017 ) |
|
4 mg / kg body weight |
rats |
15 Gy of g irradiation |
1 day before and |
Amini et al . ( 2018 ) |
|
|
|
|
3 consecutive days after radiation |
|
|
4 mg / kg body weight |
rats |
15 Gy of g irradiation |
1 day before and |
Amini et al . ( 2019 ) |
|
|
|
|
5 consecutive days after radiation |
|
Eb |
5 mM |
U937 cells |
2 / 20 Gy of g irradiation |
before radiation |
Tak and Park ( 2009 ) |
|
10 mg / kg body |
mice |
8 Gy of g irradiation |
before radiation |
|
|
weight / day * 14d |
|
|
|
|
Sodium Selenite |
50 nM |
CHEK-1 cells |
2 Gy of X-rays |
before radiation |
Puspitasari et al . ( 2017 ) |
|
0.8 mg / kg body weight |
rats |
15 Gy of X-rays |
before radiation |
Yamasaki et al . ( 2019 ) |
|
cumulative dose of 17 mg |
human |
Depending on the individual treatment |
during the whole radiotherapy |
Muecke et al .
( 2010,2014 )
|
Sodium Selenite and Se-L-Met
Sodium Selenite and Se-NPs
|
|
plan |
|
4mg / kg body weight |
mice |
5 / 8 Gy of g radiation |
before and after |
|
|
|
radiation |
Verma , Kunwar , and Indira Priyadarsini ( 2017 )
100 mg of ( atomic ) |
rats |
10 Gy of X-rays |
after radiation |
Sieber et al . ( 2009 ) |
selenium / d * 21w |
|
|
|
|
150 or 200mg / d * 4m |
|
|
|
Sieber et al . ( 2011 ) |
0.1 mg / kg body |
mice |
2 / 8 Gy of g irradiation |
before and after |
Karami et al . ( 2018 ) |
weight * 14d |
|
|
radiation |
|
selenium , and the most common inorganic selenium supplement is inorganic salts , with sodium selenite [ Na 2 SeO 3 ] being the most widely known ( Kieliszek and Bła _ zejak , 2016 ; Kieliszek and Serrano Sandoval , 2023 ; Yang et al ., 2017 ). The predominant way for human body to intake of selenium is through daily dietary sources and integrate into selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine . Being involved in several processes , selenoproteins are historically regarded as a primary focus of related studies . Selenium has been wildly acknowledged to contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress through different selenoproteins including thioredoxin reductase ( TrxR ), glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px , GPx ) and others ( Sieber et al ., 2009 ). Notably , GPx is one of which has been studied in depth and extensively ( Mangiapane et al ., 2014 ; Rayman , 2012 ). Fenech et al . discussed the protective role of microelements supplements from DNA damage in humans with selenium considered as a prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation . Meanwhile biological effects that are not mediated by selenoproteins have drawn the scientists ’ attention , specifically safeguarding of DNA by preventing damages as well as promoting repairment , which may be the main reason for why selenium is regarded as a radioprotective agent . Researchers worldwide recently have substantiated that selenium do have promising radioprotective effect in different organs ( Fenech et al ., 2023 ).
Selenium and Vitamin-E are both regarded as efficient antioxidants and are affordable for most patients . Rostami et al . performed their study and 15 volunteers were divided into 3 different groups treated with selenium , Vitamin-E , and the combination of both , respectively . 2 whole blood samples were collected at each sampling time , one of which was used as non-irradiated control and another was irradiated with 2 Gy of 6 MV X-rays . Results indicated that both selenium and Vitamin-E effectively reduced the incidence of micronuclei