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Appendix
Questionnaire on radiation risk and doses ( Correct answers arehighlighted in italics ). The growing demand for radiological examinations has resulted in an increase in medically-induced radiation exposure , posing a threat to public health in terms of elevated cancer risks . This survey questionnaire aims to understand the knowledge and awareness of radiation doses and cancer risks associated with common imaging examinations among radiology staff in our city ' s tertiary hospitals . This questionnaire is completely anonymous , and we will not obtain any information about you or your hospital . The results submitted by you and your colleagues will not be shared with your organization ' s management . If you are unfamiliar with specific questions , there is no need to search for answers deliberately ; we simply hope to obtain genuine information . If you have no knowledge of a question , you may select an option that you consider plausible !
1 What is your current designation in the radiology department ? ( a ) Radiologist ( b ) Technologist ( c ) Nurse
2 Average natural background radiation is in the range ( a ) 20 – 30 mSv ( b ) 2 – 3 mSv ( c ) 0.2 – 0.3 mSv ( d ) 0 mSv
3 National annual radiation threshold for the public is ( a ) 5 mSv ( b ) 10 mSv ( c ) 20 mSv ( d ) 30 mSv 4 Approximate effective dose received by a patient in asingle-view chest X-ray is ( a ) 0.5 mSv ( b ) 1 mSv ( c ) 0.02 mSv ( d ) 0.05 mSv
5 Approximate effective dose received by a patient in atwoview chest X-ray is ( a ) Almost equal to single-view chest X-ray ( b ) Twice the single-view chest X-ray ( c ) 5 times the single-view chest X-ray ( d ) 10 times the single-view chest X-ray
6 Effective dose from asingle-view AXR is equivalent to ( a ) 0 – 1 chest X-ray ( CXR ) ( b ) 1 – 10 CXR ( c ) 10 – 50 CXR ( d ) 50 – 100 CXR
7 Effective dose from aCT abdomen is equivalent to ( a ) 10 – 100 CXR ( b ) 100 – 500 CXR ( c ) More than 1000 CXR ( d ) 1 CXR
8 Effective dose from CT head is equivalent to ( a ) 10 – 50 CXR ( b ) 50 – 100 CXR ( c ) 100 – 500 CXR ( d ) less than 10 CXR 9 Dosage from two-view unilateral mammogram is ( a ) Almost equal to single-view chest X-ray ( b ) Twice the single-view chest X-ray ( c ) 10 – 20 times the single-view chest X-ray ( d ) 50 – 100 times the single-view chest X-ray
10 Approximate effective dose received by a patient in awhole body bone scan is ( a ) 1 – 5 mSv ( b ) 5 – 10 mSv ( c ) 10 – 20 mSv ( d ) 100 mSv
11 Approximate estimated risks offatal cancer from CXR ( a ) No : 0 ( b ) Minimal : 1 in 1,000,000 to 1 in 100,000 ( c ) Very low : 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 10,000 ( d ) Low : 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1,000 ( e ) Moderate : 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 500
12 Approximate estimated risks offatal cancer from Coronary CT angiography ( a ) Minimal : 1 in 1,000,000 to 1 in 100,000 ( b ) Very low : 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 10,000 ( c ) Low : 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1,000 ( d ) Moderate : 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 500
13 Approximate estimated risks offatal cancer from CT head ( a ) Minimal : 1 in 1,000,000 to 1 in 100,000 ( b ) Very low : 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 10,000 ( c ) Low : 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1,000 ( d ) Moderate : 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 500
14 Approximate estimated risks offatal cancer from Whole body PET / CT ( a ) Minimal : 1 in 1,000,000 to 1 in 100,000 ( b ) Very low : 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 10,000 ( c ) Low : 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1,000 ( d ) Moderate : 1 in 1000 to 1 in 500
15 Approximate estimated risks offatal cancer from CT chest ( a ) Minimal : 1 in 1,000,000 to 1 in 100,000 ( b ) Very low : 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 10,000 ( c ) Low : 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 1,000 ( d ) Moderate : 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 500
16 A pregnant woman underwent CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast as her pregnancy status was not enquired by the CT technologist before performing CT . What should be the course of action according to ACR guidelines ? ( a ) Reassure the mother that the risk to the fetus is negligible ( b ) Suggest medical termination ofpregnancy as an option ( c ) Do genetic analysis by amniocentesis orchorionic villous biopsy ( d ) Do MRI ofthe fetus to look for CNS anomalies