T . Kisnanto et al .: Radioprotection 2024 , 59 ( 2 ), 144 – 151 147
Fig . 2 . Effect of radioprotectant agent supplementation on GSH levels in the liver ( A ) and spleen ( B ) tissue homogenates of Wistar rats exposed to 6 Gy TBI . * Significant different compare to the 6 Gy group ( p < 0.05 , LSD post hoc test ); ns = not significant .
DNA ( T . DNA ), Tail Moment ( TM ), and Olive Tail Moment ( OTM ). The results concluded that spontaneous DNA damage for all parameters in the 6 Gy group was significantly higher than in the control group . However , the increased comet parameters were significantly weakened in the presence of a radioprotectant agent on almost all parameters , as evident from Figure 3 . In addition , different results were obtained for the temulawak extract , which did not significantly differ in the T . DNA parameter ( p = 0.091 ). DNA damage due to IR has been demonstrated by the microscopic appearance of the most extended comet tail in the 6 Gy group . However , the comet tail length was significantly lessened after supplementing with temulawak , garlic , and NAC extracts ( p < 0.01 ) ( Fig . 4 ).
4 Discussion
The current study evaluated the potential of temulawak , garlic extract , and NAC as radioprotectant agents against IR exposure in Wistar rats . The assessment was performed on the corrective of lipid peroxidation damage , an enhancement in the antioxidant status of GSH , and the ability to protect against cellular DNA damage .
Six Gy TBI causes tissue damage in the liver and spleen , as demonstrated by a significant increase in MDA levels compared to the control group . It is possible because of free radical onset on PUFAs components in lipid membranes . In addition , radiation-induced oxidative damage causes changes in the fluidity and permeability of the lipid membranes ( Kilciksiz et al ., 2008 ). We also noted degradation in MDA levels after administering a radioprotectant agent prior to irradiation . Temulawak extract and NAC supplementation in the liver tissue significantly decreased MDA levels compared to the 6 Gy group , but not with garlic extract .
However , in the spleen tissue , only temulawak extract had a significant effect on reducing MDA levels . Based on a study by Rosidi ( 2020 ), about 61 – 67 % of the active antioxidant compounds in temulawak are curcumin . Curcumin is a potent antioxidant that can prevent free radical chain reactions , lowering lipid peroxidation damage and upgrading endogenous antioxidant performance ( Ozcelik et al ., 2018 ). Our study is in line with the study of Ozcelik et al . ( 2018 ), who reported that the administration of curcumin could significantly reduce MDA levels in the kidneys and brains of rats by 9 Gy gamma radiation-induced . Various investigators also reported the substantial benefit of curcumin in suppressing the breakdown of lipid peroxidation in hepato-testicular ( Ammar , 2016 ), skin tissue ( Shabeeb et al ., 2020 ), and bone marrow ( Bagheri et al ., 2018 ) inrats .
Similar results have been noted by Mansour et al . ( 2008 ), who stated that the treatment of NAC ( 1 g / KgBW ) for seven consecutive days prior to 6 Gy of gamma radiation-induced could reduce MDA levels return to near average values in rat liver tissue . In contrast , garlic extract did not give a significant difference to the decrease in MDA levels in all tissues .