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Table 1. Overview of some European information systems used for dosimetric monitoring of workers. Country Name of SI Managing organization

to SISERI( Légifrance, 2023). The first six months were crucial to consolidate and improve the information system with the feedback of users. Today, SISERI is fully operational even if minor upgrades are still implemented. Since incomplete data is not integrated to SISERI, employers and accredited organizations are alerted in real-time in case of inconsistencies in the information entered. The good quality and comprehensiveness of the transmitted data is essential for the data valorization realized by IRSN to guide public authorities.

2.4 Other SISERI-type information systems at the European level

Other information systems like SISERI are used in several European countries for dosimetric monitoring of workers exposed to ionizing radiation. Some examples of equivalent or similar systems at the European level were summarized in Table 1. These systems are typically maintained by national radiation protection authorities or health agencies to ensure regulatory compliance, radiation dose tracking, and worker safety. All are in accordance with Directive 2013 / 59 / Euratom. Access for occupational doctors, employers, or authorities varies by country, but is generally provided for regulatory purposes. In some European countries, such as Belgium and Finland, there is no known official name, as is the case in France with SISERI or in Spain with CENDOS. Not all countries necessarily produce a public annual report as detailed as the one produced in France by the ASNR. In Finland, the national dose register is integrated with the national health registers to crossreference dosimetric and medical monitoring.

3. Evolution of occupational exposure between 2015 and 2023 in France

Since 2003, IRSN has carried out an annual review of the exposures of workers in the major fields of activity: medical, dental, and veterinary activities, the nuclear and non-nuclear industries and the research as fixed by article R4451-134 of the Labor Code( Code du travail R4451). These annual reviews are essentially carried out with centralized statistical data, verified, and stored in SISERI.

This section presents the overall results of monitoring of workers exposed to IR in France between 2015 and 2023. The survey cover all activities and workers, including selfemployed workers, as well as activities submitted to natural radiation( aircrew, NORM and radon). The monitored workforce consists of workers equipped with a dosimeter with personal delayed reading stand, except aircrews of civil

Fig. 2. Number of monitored workers, number of exposed workers among them( doses above the recording threshold of 0.1 mSv) and the average dose of exposed workers( mSv) in France.

aviation exposed to cosmic radiation whose exposure is estimated by calculation using the SievertPN system( Bottollier-Depois et al., 2007). The doses presented are effective doses( which include doses due to external exposures and those due to internal exposures). Depending on the external dosimetry organizations, the recording thresholds for dosimeters are 0.05 mSv or 0.1 mSv. In this study, a threshold of 0.1 mSv is considered. All doses below this threshold are recorded equal to zero.

3.1 Monitored / exposed workers

The number of monitored workers tends to increase between 2015 and 2021, except in 2020( Fig. 2). This upward trend might either reflect an expansion in activities using radioactive sources and materials or more extensive personal monitoring. The downward trend in 2020 is due to the health situation in relation to COVID-19, causing the activities decrease in all fields. In 2022, the number of monitored workers decreased( �1,5 % compared to 2021). In 2023, 360 743 workers were monitored in France, which represents a decrease compared to previous years( Fig. 2). The decrease mainly concerns medical, dental, and veterinary fields. This decrease is explained by the measures taken during the overhaul of SISERI. Article R. 4451-64 of the Labor Code indicates that only the individual dosimetric monitoring( SDI)