252 H. Khajmi et al.: Radioprotection 2025, 60( 3), 250 – 255
90.0 %
80.0 %
82.4 %
70.0 %
60.0 % 50.0 %
40.0 % 30.0 %
20.0 %
10.0 %
0.0 %
4.2 %
2.1 % 2.5 % 2.1 % 2.1 % 2.4 % 2.2 %
Bone-S Thyroïde-S Parathyroid-S-Tc DSMA renal-S Octreoscan-S Lung-S Cardiac-S Brain-S
Fig. 1. Frequency distribution of scintigraphy examinations in OHH.
Table 2. Scintigraphy exams statistic by gender category. Scintigraphy Men Women Total
Bone |
352 |
933 |
1285 |
Thyroïde |
7 |
59 |
66 |
DSMA Renal |
14 |
25 |
39 |
Neuroendocrine( Octreoscan) |
17 |
15 |
32 |
Brain |
13 |
21 |
34 |
Cardiac |
12 |
26 |
38 |
Lung |
17 |
16 |
33 |
Parathyroid |
19 |
13 |
32 |
Total |
451 |
1108 |
1559 |
pulmonary, cardiac, parathyroid and brain scans represented respectively 4.2 %, 2.5 %, 2.1 %, 2.1 %, 2.4 %, 2.1 % and 2.2 % of all the exams studied.
The distribution of SE by gender is described in Table 2 and Figure 2: 28 %( n = 451) of men, 72 %( n = 1108) of women. The sex ratio was 39 %, with a predominance of women.
Table 3 shows the activities injected to patients for each scintigraphy exam. The MV seen in Figure 3 for bone( HMDP- 99m Tc), thyroid( 99m Tc), parathyroid( Sestamibi- 99m Tc / 99m Tc), renal( DMSA- 99m Tc), neuroendocrine( octreoscan Tectrotyd- 99m Tc), lung scintigraphy( Pulmocis- 99m Tc), cardiac( Sestamibi- 99m Tc)( stress / rest), and brain( HMPAO- 99m Tc), were 666 MBq, 144.3 MBq, 85.8 MBq / 666 MBq, 135.8 MBq, 555 MBq, 144.3 MBq, 333 MBq / 1073
MBq, and 703 MBq, respectively. For the thyroid scan, the minimum injected activity value is 78 MBq, while the resting myocardium scan displays a maximum value of 1110 MBq.
3.1 International comparison
We determined LDRLs using the median activity administered of the survey results as specified in the latest recommendations of the ICRP and IRSN( 2023). As shown in Table 4, for bone scintigraphy( 99m Tc-HMDP), thyroid scintigraphy( 99m Tc), DSMA renal scintigraphy and neuroendocrine( octreoscan) scintigraphy( Tectrotyd- 99m Tc) the median activities of the LDRL in this study were lower than the DRLs observed in South Korea in 2019( Ho-Chun Song et al., 2019), in Croatia in 2020( Dundara et al., 2020), in France in 2021( IRSN, 2023), and in Switzerland in 2023( OFSP, 2023).
Regarding parathyroid scintigraphy( Sestamibi- 99m Tc / 99m Tc), South Korea( Ho-Chun Song et al., 2019) demonstrated the highest DRL value( 185 MBq / 740 MBq). The DRL of 144 MBq for lung scintigraphy( Pulmocis- 99m Tc) was below the South Korea DRL of 185 MBq, the Croatian DRL of 200 MBq, and the Swiss DRL of 170 MBq and above the French DRL of 110 MBq.
Our LDRLs for cardiac scintigraphy stress / rest( 333 MBq / 1073 MBq) were higher than the French values reported in 2021( 285 MBq / 785 MBq) and Swiss values reported in 2023( 300 MBq / 900 MBq), but were lower than that of South Korea reported in 2019( 370 MBq / 1110 MBq).