238 M. Almalki et al.: Radioprotection 2025, 60( 3), 234 – 241
Fig. 3. Gender-based comparison of five-year mean radiation exposure across medical professions.
Table 2. Comparative analysis of five-year mean radiation exposure across medical professions: Tukey Post-Hoc test results.
|
|
Anesthesiologists |
Cardiologists |
Nurses |
Radiologists |
Radiologic technologists |
Anesthesiologists |
Mean difference |
— |
�2.61 * |
�0.54 |
�0.23 |
�0.51 |
Cardiologists |
Mean difference |
|
— |
2.06 ** |
2.37 |
2.1 ** |
Nurses |
Mean difference |
|
|
— |
0.31 |
0.03 |
Radiologists |
Mean difference |
|
|
|
— |
�0.28 |
Radiologic Technologists |
Mean difference |
|
|
|
|
— |
Note. * p <. 05, ** p <. 01, *** p <. 001.
occupational safety measures and individualized monitoring, given the significant variability in exposure among different roles. The findings revealed variations in AMEDs among different medical professions, with cardiologists consistently recording the highest levels of exposure. These results align with previous research indicating that cardiologists are exposed to higher levels of radiation due to the nature of their work( Kim et al., 2008; Venneri et al., 2009). However, all AMEDs across the different medical professions were below the occupational annual limit of 20 mSv, and no individual exceeded the single year limit of 50 mSv during the five-year period.
Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the five-year mean radiation exposure levels between medical professions. Specifically, cardiologists( 3.23 ± 7.37 mSv) had significantly higher exposure levels compared to anesthesiologists( 0.62 ± 0.30), nurses( 1.17 ± 0.56 mSv), and radiologic technologists( 1.13 ± 0.38 mSv). Instances where cardiologists exceeded the annual occupational dose limit of 20 mSv, such as the maximum values observed in 2018( 24.90 mSv) and 2022( 48.68 mSv), raise concerns about potential systemic factors. These exceedances may reflect high procedural workloads, prolonged fluoroscopy times, or suboptimal use of protective measures. Addressing these issues through targeted training,