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becomes mineralized , forming tartar . The tartar accumulates above and below the gumline and presses on the gums , causing inflammation called gingivitis . Tartar is easily identified by its tan or brown color . It normally starts at the gum edge , especially on the back teeth . Infection soon follows and the gums recede further , exposing sensitive unprotected tooth root surfaces and the bony tooth sockets . The bone and ligaments that support the teeth are destroyed , leading to excessive tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss . Infection around the socket causes the formation of pus and a foul odor , and may spread into the tooth socket creating an abscess , or even more severe problems , eventually causing the tooth to fall out .
Once periodontal disease starts , the degenerative changes to the tooth and its support structures cannot be reversed . These changes also make it easier for more plaque and tartar to collect , resulting in further disease . As the oral infection progresses , inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx can occur . The bacteria can also be absorbed into the bloodstream and be carried to other organs , causing infections in the heart valves , as well as in the kidneys or liver if left untreated . It ’ s imperative to address periodontal disease to prevent further medical complications and to maintain the general health of our pets . If the disease is caught at an early stage and a thorough veterinary dental scaling and polishing performed , most of the teeth and gums will have a full recovery .
Dr . Adi points out that there are a number of signs that should alert you to dental disease in your pet . Your pet may show a decreased interest in food or approach the food bowl and then show a reluctance to eat . It may chew with obvious caution and discomfort , drop food from their mouth , or may swallow with difficulty . Drooling may be seen , possibly with blood , and there may be an unpleasant odor to the breath . In some cases , the pets may be seen pawing at their mouths or shaking their heads . A reluctance to eat may lead to weight loss . Many pets will refuse dry food and demonstrate a preference for moist or canned foods . Dental disease and oral pain may account for the “ finicky appetites ” that many dogs and cats with dental disease display .
If you see that your pet has evidence of tartar accumulation , gingivitis or is exhibiting any
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