International Baccalaureate Schools: These are often “schools within schools,”
providing structured course work and end-of-course assessments that hold students to
international standards. Teachers are trained to instruct the “IB” courses, and students
who successfully complete the series of courses receive an “IB certificate” or “IB
diploma.”
Magnet Schools: Magnet schools place special emphasis on academic achievement or
on a particular field such as science or the arts. They are designed to attract students
from throughout several schools’ zones (areas). The course of study is often accelerated
and/or specialized.
Middle Colleges: Also known as Early Colleges as well, these high school alternative
programs are collaborative efforts between a high school district and a
community/technical college to allow high school students who are struggling or need a
different learning environment to thrive. Students take a combination of core high school
courses and college courses to receive their diploma and graduate. Students are allowed
to attribute the college credits earned in middle college toward their future college career
after they graduate. The core classes are provided by teachers employed by the high
school district, while all the college courses are taken with real college students at the
community/technical college.
Military Schools: Military schools can be either residential and/or day schools that often
emphasize physical fitness, sustain a regimented learning environment, adhere to strict
disciplinary codes, require uniforms to be worn, stress student leadership, and usually
promote military careers.
Montessori Schools: Montessori schools are run on the principle of allowing children
freedom within a carefully designed environment. Each child is allowed to pursue
independent tasks at his/her own speed. These schools focus on three types of
experiences: practical, sensory, and formal studies. Maria Montessori (1870-1952),
founder of the Montessori movement, developed many of the learning materials designed
to develop sensory and motor coordination.
Parochial Schools: Parochial schools are church-related, most commonly to the Roman
Catholic Church, but also to other Protestant denominations. Hebrew day schools can
also be termed “parochial.” In addition to regular courses of study, religion and worship
are added to the schedules.
Private Schools: Private schools are independent schools that are controlled by
individuals or agencies other than the state or district. They are usually supported by
private funds and are not controlled by publicly elected or appointed officials. (See
“Independent School.”)
Privatization of Schools: Privatization of schools involves the transfer of the
management of public schools to private or for-profit education organizations.
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