Racism/NAACP: Jim Crow laws to segregate race in the South, by Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 that said African Americans and Whites were "seperate, but equal." It raised the racial discrimination up. The NAACP was created to advance social justice for African Americans.
Commissioners: They were leaders of a form of city government. They were the legislative body of the city, who were responsible for taxation, ordinances, and general local gov. tasks.