Professional Marijuana Grower November-December 2018 Issue | Page 16

solvent extraction methods involve sophisticated equip-
ment, such as a closed- or open-loop extraction system.
Chemical extraction methods can use butane, propane,
ether, lab-grade naphtha, CO 2 , or dry ice as the solvent
to extract the cannabinoids. Products associated with
solvent-based extracts include butane hash oil (BHO),
shatter, wax, Rick Simpson oil (RSO), supercritical CO 2 ,
and cannabis distillate. Many of the solvents used for
cannabis extractions are extremely fl ammable and/or
dangerous to consume. This is why most solvent-based
extraction methods are best left to the professionals who
have the proper knowledge and equipment.
Butane Extractions (BHO)
Butane hash oil (also known as butane honey oil), or
BHO, is a type of cannabis extract that uses butane as
the main solvent. BHO is a term usually reserved for a
product that is sticky and has a viscosity a little thicker
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than honey. Other butane-based extract products are
classifi ed by their texture and consistency and include
wax, shatter, budder, honeycomb, crumble, or sap. An
outdated method of producing BHO is known as open
blasting. This method involves loading plant material in
a tube and soaking it in butane. Not only is this method
quite dangerous, it is also very wasteful. Most of today’s
BHO products are made with a closed-loop extraction
system. In a closed-loop system, the butane is held in a
pressurized tank that is attached to the extraction tube
where the plant material is housed. Aside from increased
safety, the biggest advantage of a closed-loop system is
that the solvent can be reused.
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16 • Professional Marijuana Grower
Carbon dioxide behaves as a gas in the air at standard
temperatures and pressure. When the pressure and tem-
perature of CO 2 are increased over what is known as the
“critical point”, the CO 2 will have properties between a
gas and a liquid. This “supercritical” form of CO 2 is used
to make a highly potent and safe to consume cannabis
extract. Supercritical CO 2 cannabis oil production re-
quires the proper equipment. A supercritical CO 2 device
made specifi cally for cannabis extraction will have a
liquid CO 2 storage tank, a compressor, a heating ele-
ment, a separator, and a condenser. After the extraction
process, the CO 2 pressure is released and the remaining
liquid CO 2 molecules convert back into a gas, which
November/December 2018