3.1 DIRECT FASTENING TERMINOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
3.0 DIRECT FASTENING SYSTEMS
3.1 DIRECT FASTENING TERMINOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS
3.1.1 DIRECT FASTENING TERMINOLOGY
DX = Hilti Powder-Actuated Direct Fastening Systems GX = Hilti Gas-Actuated Direct Fastening Systems BX = Hilti Battery-Actuated Direct Fastening Systems Characteristics of steel and other metals
F u
= specified minimum ultimate tensile strength of metals , ksi ( MPa )
F y
= specified minimum yield strength of metals , ksi ( MPa ) Characteristics of concrete and masonry
f c
= concrete compressive strength as measured by testing of cylinder , psi ( MPa ) f ' c
= specified concrete compressive strength , psi ( MPa ) Fastening details
c min
= minimum edge distance , in . ( mm )
d nom
= nominal fastener shank diameter , in . ( mm ) D = thread diameter for threaded studs , in . ( mm )
h ET
= penetration of the fastener point below the top surface of the base material , in . ( mm ) h NVS
= nailhead stand-off above the surface fastened into . For nails , this is the surface of the fastened material . For threaded studs , the surface of the base material , in . ( mm )
L s
= shank length of fastener , in . ( mm ) s min
= minimum fastener spacing , in . ( mm ) t I
= thickness of the fastened material , in . ( mm )
Direct Fastening Technical Guide , Edition 24 t II
= thickness of the base material , in . ( mm )
T max
= maximum tightening torque , ft-lb ( Nm ) Steel deck fastening systems 1
t f
= flange thickness of beam or bar joist for steel deck fastening applications , in . ( mm )
F = diaphragm flexibility factor , in ./ lb ( mm x 10 -6 / N ) G ' = diaphragm shear stiffness lb / in . ( N / mm x 10 -6 ) q = allowable diaphragm shear , plf ( N / mm )
Q f
= fastener strength , panel to frame , lb ( kN )
S f
= fastener flexibility factor , panel to frame , in ./ kip ( mm / kN )
X-HVB Shear Connector
h r
= nominal rib height , in . ( mm )
H s
= connector height , in . ( mm )
N r
= number of connectors in one rib q = allowable shear strength , lb ( kN )
Q n
= nominal shear strength , lb ( kN )
R g
= coefficient to account for group effect w r
= average width of rib , in . ( mm )
Y con
= distance from top of steel beam to top of concrete slab , in . ( mm )
Screw fastening systems 2 L = length of screw , in . ( mm )
MT = maximum thickness of all attachments to be fastened , including the base material , in . ( mm )
P ss
= nominal shear strength ( resistance ) of screw , lb ( kN )
P ts
= nominal tension strength ( resistance ) of screw , lb ( kN )
Σt I
= total thickness of the fastened material , where more than one layer fastened , in . ( mm )
1 More detailed definitions for Steel Deck Fastening Systems can be found on page 147 . 2 Terminology for screw fastener head styles ( e . g . hex washer head ( HWH )) can be found on page 209 .
Fastener nomenclature |
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Stud nomenclature |
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Fastener
Series 1
Washer Type 1 and Diameter ( mm )
X-U 37 P8 MX
Shank Length ( mm )
Indicates Collated Fastener 2 ( strips of 10 )
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1 . P = Plastic washer S = Steel washer D = Double washer
( 1 plastic , 1 steel ) L = Double washer ( both steel ) DP = Double washer ( both plastic ) FP = Plastic ferrule and guide washer
2 . “ MX ” at the end of fastener name indicates fasteners collated in strips of 10
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Thread Size ( mm )
Thread Length ( mm )
X-W6 20 22 FP8
Shank Length ( mm )
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Washer Type 1 and Diameter ( mm )
Thread Length
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Washer Shank Diameter Shank Diameter |
Washer |
Thread Size |