1. Anchor
Channel Systems
2. HAC
Portfolio
3. HAC
Applications
4. Design
Introduction
5. Base material
6. Loading
7. Anchor Channel
Design Code
8. Reinforcing
Bar Anchorage
9. Special Anchor
Channel Design
10. Design
Software
7.2.1 A
NCHOR PRINCIPLES AND
DESIGN Attachment Structural assembly, external to the surface of
the concrete, that transfers loads to or receives loads from the
anchor channel. Displacement controlled expansion anchor is a post-
installed anchor that is set by expansion against the side of the
drilled hole through movement of an internal plug in the sleeve
or through movement of the sleeve over an expansion element
(plug). Once set, no further expansion can occur.
Definitions Attachment is the structural assembly, external to the surface
of the concrete, that transmits loads to or receives loads from
the anchor.
5 percent Fractile Value corresponding to a 5 percent
probability of non-exceedance
Clamping Force Prestressing force resulting from tightening of
the channel bolt against the fixture.
Anchor Channel loading: Longitudinal shear Loads
acting parallel to the concrete surface and co-linear with the
longitudinal axis of the anchor channel. Cracked concrete is condition of concrete in which the anchor
is located. See Section 2.1.2.
Anchor Channel loading: Perpendicular shear Loads
acting parallel to the concrete surface and perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the anchor channel.
Anchor Channel System Specific combination of anchor
channel and channel bolt under consideration.
Anchor Diameter Nominal diameter of the anchor channel.
Anchor group is a group of anchors of approximately equal
effective embedment and stiffness where the maximum anchor
spacing is less than the critical spacing.
150
Critical edge distance is minimum required edge distance to
achieve full capacity.
Critical spacing is minimum required spacing between loaded
anchors to achieve full capacity.
Cure time is the elapsed time after mixing of the adhesive
material components to achieve a state of hardening of the
adhesive material in the drilled hole corresponding to the design
mechanical properties and resistances. After the full cure time
has elapsed, loads can be applied.
Displacement Movement of an anchor channel, measured
relative to the concrete member in which the load is transmitted.
In tension tests, displacement is measured parallel to the anchor
Minimum Edge Distance Minimum distance from the concrete
edge to the center of the anchor channel and the anchors
fixed to the channel profile, to allow adequate placement and
compaction of concrete and to avoid damage to the concrete
during torqueing of the channel bolt, to be reported in the
ICC-ES evaluation Service Report.
Minimum edge distance is the spacing from the centerline of
the anchor to the edge of the base material required to minimize
the likelihood of splitting of the base material during anchor
installation.
Minimum member thickness is minimum required thickness
of member where the anchor channels can be installed, to be
reported in the ICC-ES Report.
Minimum Spacing Minimum distance between anchors of
anchor channels, measured in the direction of the longitudinal
channel axis to allow adequate placing and compaction of the
concrete, measured centerline to centerline, to be reported in
the ICC-ES Evaluation Service Report.
Steel failure is a failure mode in which the steel anchor parts
fracture.
Supplementary reinforcement is reinforcement that acts to
restrain the potential concrete breakout area but is not designed
to transfer the full design load from the anchors into the
structural member.
Torque controlled expansion anchor is a post-installed
expansion anchor that is set by the expansion of one or more
sleeves or other elements against the sides of the drilled hole
through the application of torque, which pulls the cone(s) into
the expansion sleeve(s). After setting, tensile loading can cause
additional expansion (follow-up expansion).
Undercut anchor is a post-installed anchor that derives tensile
holding strength by the mechanical interlock provided by
undercutting the concrete, achieved either by a special tool or
by the anchor itself during installation.
Cast-In Anchor Channel Product Guide, Edition 1 • 02/2019
151
Concrete splitting failure is a concrete failure mode in which
the concrete fractures along a plane passing through the axis of
the anchor or anchors.
Gel time is the elapsed time after mixing of the adhesive
material components to onset of significant chemical reaction
as characterized by an increase in viscosity. After the gel time
has elapsed, the anchors must not be disturbed.
Statistically Equivalent Two groups of test results shall be
considered as statistically equivalent if there are no significant
differences between the means and between the standard
deviations of the two groups. Such statistical equivalence
shall be demonstrated using a one-sided Student’s t-Test at a
confidence level of 90 percent.
Anchor Channel loading: Bending Bending effect induced
by a tension load applied in direction of the anchor axis at any
location between anchors.
Fixture Steel part attached to the anchor channel by channel
bolt.
Splitting Failure A failure in which the concrete fractures along
a plane passing through the axis of the tensioned anchor or
anchors.
Anchor Channel loading: Axial Tension is Load applied
perpendicular to the surface of the base material and in
direction of the anchor axis. Concrete Edge Failure failure of an anchor channel installed
at the edge of a concrete member and loaded in shear towards
the edge characterized by the formation of a fracture surface
originating at the channel and projecting towards the edge of
the concrete member
Fastening Assembly of fixture and anchor channel used to
transmit loads to concrete.
Side face blowout strength is the strength of anchors with
deeper embedment but thinner side cover corresponding to
concrete spalling on the side face around the embedded head
while no major breakout occurs at the top concrete surface.
Concrete breakout is a concrete failure mode that develops
a cone or edge failure of the test member due to setting of the
anchor or applied loads.
Expansion anchor is a post-installed anchor that is inserted
into a drilled hole in hardened concrete or masonry. Loads are
transferred to and from the base material by bearing, friction or
both.
Pull-through failure is a failure mode in which the anchor body
pulls through the expansion mechanism without development of
the full steel or concrete capacity.
Characteristic spacing Spacing for ensuring the characteristic
resistance of a single anchor.
Pullout failure is a failure mode in which the anchor pulls out of
the concrete without development of the full steel or concrete
capacity.
Anchor Channel Installation Instructions for placement of
subject anchor channel.
Characteristic capacity is a statistical term indicating 90
percent confidence that there is 95 percent probability of the
actual strength exceeding the nominal strength. This is also
called the 5% fractile capacity.
Effective embedment depth is the overall depth through
which the anchor transfers force to or from the surrounding
concrete. The effective embedment depth will normally be the
depth of the concrete failure surface in tension applications. For
cast-in headed anchor bolts and headed studs, the effective
embedment depth is measured from the bearing contact
surface of the head. For expansion anchors, it is taken as the
distance from surface of base material to tip of expansion
element(s).
Pryout failure is a failure mode where anchors having limited
embedment depth and loaded in shear exhibit sufficient rotation
to produce a pryout fracture whereby the primary fracture
surface develops behind the point of load application. This
failure mode does not depend on the presence of free edges.
Anchor Channel Assemblies anchor channel consist of a
channel produced from hot rolled or cold-formed steel and at
least two metal anchors on the channel web as illustrated in
figure 7.2.2.1 & 7.2.2.2. The anchor channel shall be flushed with
the concrete surface. A fixture shall be connected to the anchor
channel by channel bolts ( hammer head or hooked channel
bolts) with nut and washer in accordance with figure 7.2.2.2.
Channel Bolt Threaded fastener that connects the element to
be attached to the anchor channel.
Edge distance is distance from centerline of anchor to the free
edge of base material in which the anchor is installed.
Projected area is the area on the free surface of the concrete
member that is used to represent the larger base of the
assumed rectilinear failure surface.
Anchor Channel is steel profile with rigidly connected anchors
installed prior to concrete placement.
Cast-in-place anchor is traditionally a headed bolt, headed
stud or hooked bolt installed before placing concrete.
Additionally, cast-in-place internally threaded inserts are a form
of cast-in-place anchors.
Post-installed anchor is an anchor installed in hardened
concrete and masonry. Expansion, undercut, and adhesive
anchors are examples of post-installed anchors.
Anchor category is an assigned rating that corresponds to a
specific strength reduction factor for concrete failure modes
associated with anchors in tension. The anchor category is
established based on the performance of the anchor in reliability
tests.
Base Material Material, such as concrete, in which the anchor
channel is installed.
Minimum spacing is distance between the centerlines of
adjacent loaded anchors to minimize the likelihood of splitting of
the base material during anchor installation.
Adhesive anchor is a post-installed anchor that is inserted
into a drilled hole in hardened concrete, masonry or stone.
Loads are transferred to the base material by the bond between
the anchor and the adhesive and the adhesive and the base
material.
Ductile steel element are anchors designed to be governed by
ductile yielding of the steel. This is determined by performing
tension testing on coupons machined from the finished anchors.
The minimum requirements are 14% elongation and 30%
reduction of area.
14. Design
Example
Anchor spacing is centerline-to-centerline distance between
loaded anchors.
13. Field Fixes
axis; in shear tests, displacement is measured perpendicular to
the anchor axis.
12. Instructions
for Use
7.2 A
NCHOR CHANNEL
THEORY Anchor reinforcement is reinforcement used to transfer the full
design load from the anchors into the structural member.
11. Best
Practices