2020 | Building Peace through Heritage
industry customers , bankers , and merchants . Implemented their ideas was a new galaxy of architects , educated in Russia and Europe . New historical- architectural period had begun in the architecture of Baku in the late 19 th - the early 20 th centuries in the result of the processing of centuries-long local architectural traditions and their combination with the European styles .
It should be specially noted that architecture of Baku of this period is characterized not only by new types of public and industrial buildings , associated with the development of industry and the new status of Baku . All types of buildings existing here before were also being developed . Such Azerbaijani architects and engineers as Z . B . Akhmedbekov , K . Hajibababekov , M . G . Hajinsky , Haji-bey Akhundov , I . Kh . Kasumov and many others had created new buildings during that period . One can mentioned also European architects and civil engineers who were educated in Russia or Europe : I . V . Goslavsky , I . K . Ploshko , N . Von der Nonne , K . B . Skurevich , E . Y . Skibinsky , N . G . Baev , D . D . Buynov , F . M . Lemkul , L . T . Polyakov , J . W . Edel , A . V . Eichler and others . They all had played the special role in the formation and development of Baku architecture of that period . The foreign architects invited to Baku , having recognized and loved the local architectural style and traditions of this ancient city , necessarily used them in their works . As a result of such a combination of local oriental and European motifs , a unique style , characteristic only for Baku , had developed ( Fatullayev-Figarov , Sh . S ., 2013c ).
Among the invited foreign architects who worked in Baku and partially in other cities of Azerbaijan , a special place belongs to the works of German architects N . von der Nonne , F . M . Lemkul , J . W . Edel , A . V . Eichler , P . Stern , and others , who complemented the work of Azerbaijani architects with their professionalism and skills and made a unique contribution to the development of architecture and urban planning in Azerbaijan . In total , about 60 buildings were designed by German architects in Baku .
One can say that Nicolaus von der Nonne was one of the most fruitful among architects and engineers of German origin in Baku at that time . As the chief architect of the city from 1889 to 1902 , he built many famous buildings , and he was also the author of the general plan of Baku in 1898 and Baku Boulevard .
Two-storey Debur ’ s mansion should be especially noted among the buildings by von der Nonne . It was built in the 1887-1895 on the Sadovaya street ( today-Niyazi ), 9 ( Figure 5 ). The building had planned originally as a residential mansion but was completed as public building . It was modified and two main entrances appeared for personal and business needs , since it was decided to be used as a “ Caspian Partnership ” building . Subsequently , the headquarters of the English command , the Council of People ’ s Commissars , and finally , since 1951 , the Museum of Fine Arts were located here . At the end of the 20 th century , by a government decision , museum of Fine Arts was restored . Another historical building built in 1885 nearby and originally housed the Mariinsky Gymnasium and later the Baku Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan was restored as well . In 2013 , both buildings were combined by a special glass ( Abdulragimov , R . H ., Abdullayeva , N . Dj ., 2013 ). During that works , more than 500 decorative elements in the interior of the Debur ’ s mansion building were restored . Broken decorative elements and facade slabs were replaced , cracks were repaired , stones used in the cladding of the building were updated . The foundation was reinforced . The restored newly mansion today is a vivid example of an amazing era that has incorporated the best traditions of European architecture .
Fig . 5 - Debur mansion in Baku by Von der Nonne
285