PROCEEDINGS | Scientific Symposium
The architecture of Azerbaijan of that period was based on the century- long architectural traditions formed by local architectural schools . Architectural composition of the constructed buildings was closely connected with the traditions of these schools , with local building materials , natural and geographical conditions , the historical development of the area and many other aspects ( Amenzade , R . B ., 2010 , p . 21 ). Conquest of the North Azerbaijan by the Russian Empire in the early 19 th century had affected on many sides of country ’ s life . Its marked the new stage in the architectural development under the certain influence of European and Russian architecture on local civil construction ( Fatullayev , Sh . S ., 1986 , p . 126 ). However , despite this , the features of local architecture , based on folk art , were actively used in the architecture of civil buildings . Well-known decorative elements , formed according to the architectural traditions of various regional architectural schools , were used in combination with the new European elements . Arches , vaults , portals , domes , stained-glass windows , balconies , shebeke ( traditional decorative element ) and other elements with new rational solutions were successfully used in the construction of residential , public and religious buildings ( Abdulragimova , Т . R ., 2010 , p . 140 ).
German immigrants kept their cultural traditions carefully establishing settlements on new territories . In the 90s of the 19 th century there were several industrial factories as “ Forer Brothers ” and “ Hummel Brothers ” built in eight existed German settlements . Alongside with industrial buildings , new residential and religious buildings differing in their architectural compositions were built as well . Unlike Azerbaijani settlements planned in accordance with eastern traditions , German settlements were distinguished by a clear grid of roads . One-two-story German houses with a yard have retained their true charm up today . Living on the territory of Azerbaijan , German colonists landscaped the environment in accordance with their usual way of life , built characteristic houses , quarters , buildings for various purposes .
Development of the cult architecture
Spiritual and religious life had played a special role in the life of the settlers and their descendants . Religion and the Church were a unifying link , one of the symbols of national culture and identity , carefully preserved by German colonists away from their historical homeland . After the resettlement of the colonists , there was immediately a need for the construction of the House of God for them . The kirche in Helenendorf ( Geygel region of Azerbaijan ) was built in 1857 by architect Adolf Eichler and the kirche in Annenfeld ( Shamkir region ) in 1909 by architect F . A . Lemkul ( Figure 1 and 2 ). German architects in Azerbaijan designed and built a number of Lutheran churches during the period of 19 th - earl 20 th centuries .
Fig . 1 - Kirche in Helenendorf ( Geygel ) by Adolf Eichler
A . Eichler also was the author of the kirche in Baku ( Figure 3 ). A . Eichler did not repeat either the architectural composition or the space-planning decision of the kirche of the Helenendorf colony . Great professionalism , high erudition and imagination of A . Eichler allowed him to develop the architecture of the church in the best traditions of German Gothic .
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