2020 | Building Peace through Heritage
tecture , how strong the influence of other countries is . The positioning of regional architecture as a fullfledged component of the Russian and world historical and architectural process is important .
Study of the architecture of the most significant buildings and constructions in Saratov of the period made it possible to note their high artistic level , which reflects the indirect influence of the European and the direct influence of Moscow architecture through the work of famous architects : Y . N . Terlikov , P . M . Zybin , V . A . Lyukshin , K . L . Myufke , S . A . Kallistratov , etc . A number of works , now objects of cultural heritage of federal significance , can be considered unique not only for Saratov , but also for all Russian architecture : Indoor Market , designed by architect V . A . Lyukshin , Conservatory by S . A . Kallistratov and many others .
The building of the late ХIХ - the beginning of the XX century largely determines its modern architectural appearance . At the same time , Saratov architecture shows a scale commensurate with man , the difference of the canons of the capital , is characterized by small plastic of the walls , the prevailing symmetry in the composition of residential and public buildings , an active silhouette , picturesque . Built at the turn of the 20th century , the temples are distinguished by a wide variety of volumetric compositions , decorative details and the prevailing appeal to Russian architecture of the 15th century .
An important factor in the formation of the architecture of Saratov on the border of the ХIX-XX centuries is the influence of the architectural trends of Western Europe and the Russian capitals of the considered period .
The architecture of Saratov was influenced by architects of the capital - the center of national Russian culture . At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century , several stylistically different flows of European “ import ” of architectural forms can be distinguished in the urban development of Moscow , the significance of which was not equal . Most notable were the influences of the formal language of Art Nouveau of France and Belgium and the influence of Vienna and Darmstadt . A Scandinavian version of the new architecture introduced a certain stylistic note into the city ’ s environment - this is “ northern Art Nouveau ”.
Belgian architecture of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries is characterized by the emergence of the new style of Belgian secession . Architects wanted to show all the possibilities of the latest building materials , structures and shapes . At the same time , they purposefully refused the order tectonic system . Their works were based on natural forms and lines transferred to stone and metal . They protested against the canons of classicism , and in the same years an architectural trend developed , which was based on the desire to revive the original Belgian architecture of the Flemish Renaissance and Baroque period , with the main attention paid to the exterior styling of the building , but the plan usually remained classically symmetrical . The traditional combination of yellow and red bricks with bluish squares of local stone made the buildings more picturesque . A serious factor influencing the development of Belgian architecture at the end of the 19th century was the increased industry growth . The required economy , durability and strength of structures caused frequent use of metal structures with a modular arrangement of cast-iron supports , ceilings on metal beams of large spans , glazed lamps , high chimneys made of shaped bricks , etc .
New constructions and building materials , new needs of life and related new artistic vision penetrated into architecture , primarily one of the buildings of a new purpose . A wide field of activity was opened for architects in the construction of buildings related to trade .
The architecture of Belgium undoubtedly had a direct impact on the architecture of other European countries , including Russia . During this period , Belgium and Russia actively cooperated , both at the economic and industrial level , which also left its mark on the Russian architecture of the capital cities - Moscow and St . Petersburg , as well as regional ones . A number of industrial facilities can serve as an example of the penetration of the trends : the Waterschei mine , located in the Kempen coal basin near Ghent in Belgium , was built at the beginning of the 20th century in the spirit of rational Art Nouveau ; factory secondary school built in 1908 in the Moscow region in Noginsk ; Belgian Tram Society built in 1907-1908 in Sara-
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