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Nature reflects our nature
or dry waste can further be segregated and reused,
recycled and reduced. For the proper management
in Municipal Level, a collection center can be estab-
lished in every ward with active board members for
managing municipal solid waste. Waste are segre-
gated and processed in collection center for compost
manure preparations and other non-biodegradable
for recycling, reusing and reducing. For transporta-
tion, residents must carry and transport their segre-
gated household waste to the collection center. On
collection center, man powers will operate waste for
further manure preparation or contacting with scrap
dealers or compost manure preparing company. On
the other hand, people can also manage their house-
hold waste in their own homes by making compost
manure. Roof Kitchen gardening can be done and
compost manure can be utilized. About 60-70 % of
daily waste from kitchen can be transformed into ma-
nure in every households. For this, an individual must
be very aware about their waste and the process to
turn it into manure.
The following are the code of conduct which needs to
be followed by residents of community.
Household Practice (Solid Waste Management)
1.We have to put a stop to littering household waste
outside of the house. This habit must be changed.
2.Abandoning the use of plastics while purchasing
products from market. We must develop a habit of
carrying own bag while shopping and reusing it fre-
quently.
3.We must manage our waste in a container provid-
ed by municipality.
4.Participation in Solid Waste Management Program
organized by various organizations, institutions, gov-
ernment level and others.
5.Dead bodies of animals must be buried deep be-
neath the ground, away from the source of river.
6.Biodegradable waste must be converted into com-
post manure and other non – biodegradable waste
such as plastics, metals etc. must be reused or re-
cycled.
7.Humbly request our neighbors to not litter.
8.Bio degradable waste generated from home must
be plunged into kitchen garden by making compost
manure.
9.Emphasize reusing of the materials to reduce solid
wastes.
Code of Conduct for Community
1.Community must be aware about the nuisances
which will be created by solid waste.
2.Compost Manure Plant must be prepared by form-
ing a committee.
3.Adolescents and youths must be encouraged to
participate in cleanliness program.
4.Funds must be collected from community and mu-
nicipality for conducting cleanliness programs.
5.Products can be prepared from reusing of non-bio-
degradable waste. A creative committee can be
formed.
6.Manpower required for conducting solid waste
campaign must be communicated to concerned
stakeholders.
7.If there is any problem concerning solid waste man-
agement, it must be communicated to ward level.
8.Public participation for cleanliness program.
9.Media sector must inform the locals and communi-
ties to manage waste and put a stop to waste littering.
In case of failure of traditional approach, we can
adopt most advance forms of technologies such as
mixed incineration, plasma gasification and anaero-
bic digestion. In mixed incineration, MSW is directly
combusted in excess oxygen environment at tem-
peratures 850°C and 1110°C. The end product de-
rived from the combustion of waste is hot combusted
gas – composed primarily of Nitrogen (N2), Carbon
Dioxide (CO2), Water (H2O), Oxygen (O2) and non-
combustible residues which flows through a boiler
to produce steam to drive the steam generator to
produce electricity. In case of anaerobic digestion,
degradation of organic matter occurs in anaerobic
conditions or in absence of oxygen. Several types
of bacteria break down the complex organic waste
in different stages producing methane gas used for
energy generation. In plasma arc gasification, MSW
is subjected to a high temperature pyrolysis type of
process (7,200°-12,600°F). The organic fraction is
converted into syngas (Carbon Monoxide and Hydro-
gen) and inorganic fraction is converted into rock like
materials. The high temperature is created by plasma
torch. The syngas is used to produce electricity and
inorganic materials in MSW are converted into vitri-
fied slag which is a glassy material mostly composed
of metal and silica used for floor tiles & insulation.
These are the currently practiced worldwide technol-
ogies.
Er. Prasesh Pote Shrestha
Masters in Technology inEnvironmental Engineering
Kathmandu University
Nature and Social Concern Society
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