GUILLAUME APOLLINAIRE BUST BY PABLO PICASSO
Guillaume Apollinaire , a French poet and art critic , lived from August 26 , 1880 to November 9 , 1918 . Apollinaire is considered one of the foremost poets of the early 20th century , as well as one of the most impassioned defenders of Cubism and a forefather of Surrealism . He is credited with coining the term " Cubism " in 1911 to describe the emerging art movement , the term Orphism in 1912 , and the term " Surrealism " in 1917 to describe the works of music composer Erik Satie . He wrote poems without punctuation attempting to be resolutely modern in both form and subject . He was admired during his lifetime by the young poets who later formed the nucleus of the Surrealist group ( Breton , Aragon , Soupault ). Apollinaire was also active as a journalist and art critic for Le Matin , L ' Intransigeant , L ' Esprit nouveau , Mercure de France , and Paris Journal . In 1912 , Apollinaire cofounded Les Soirées de Paris , an artistic and literary magazine . Two years after being wounded in World War I , Apollinaire died during the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 and was recognized as " Fallen for France " ( Mort pour la France ) because of his commitment during the war , in which he served in the French military .
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