Symbols used in syntactic analysis.
We have already encountered some symbols that are used as abbreviations for syntactic
categories. Examples are “S” (= sentence), “NP” (= noun phrase), “N” (= noun), “Art” (=
article), “V” (= verb) and “VP” (= verb phrase). Others, such as “PP” (= prepositional phrase),
seem fairly transparent. There are three more symbols that are commonly used in syntactic
description.