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42 (Hrothmund) is “cursed” or mentally handicapped because he was bom on the first night Grendel came to Heorot). 27 Larry D. Benson writes: “The old theory that B eow ulf is an essentially pagan work only slightly colored with the Christianity of a later scribe has now been dead for many years” in “The Pagan Coloring of B eo w u lf' in Beowulf: Basic Readings. Edited by Peter S. Baker. New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1995: (35). Works Cited Barthes, Roland. “From Work to Text.” The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. Ed. David H. Richter. Boston & New York: Bedford/St. Martins, 1998. 901-5. Print. Baker, Peter S. (ed.). Beowulf: Basic Readings. New York & London: Garland Publishing, 1995. Print. —. The Beowulf Reader. New York & London: Garland Publishing, 2000. Print. Bjork, Robert E. and John D. Niles (eds.) A Beowulf Handbook. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Print. Bonjour, Adrien. “Beowulf and the Beasts of Battle.” PMLA: Publications o f the Modern Language Association 72 (4): 56373. 1957 Sept. Web. Busse, Kristina and Karen Hellekson. The Fan Fiction Studies Reader. Iowa City; Iowa University Press, 2014. Print. DeGregorio, Scott. “Theorizing Irony in Beowulf: The Case of Hrothgar.” Exemplaria 11 (2); Fall 1999: 309-344. Fall 1999. Print. Irving, Edward B. Jr. “Christian and Pagan Elements.” In Bjork, Robert E. and John D. Niles. A Beowulf Handbook. Kieman, Kevin S. Beowulf and the Beowulf Manuscript. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001. Print. Oldham, June. The Raven Waits. 1979. London: Hodder Children’s Books, 2001. Print. Osborn, Marijane. Beowulf: A Guide to Study. Los Angeles: Pentangle Press, 1986. Print. —. Beowulf: A Verse Translation with Treasures o f the Ancient North. Berkeley; University of California Press, 1983. Print. —. “Domesticating the Dayraven in Beowulf \%0\." Heroic Poetry in the Anglo-Saxon Period. Ed. Helen Damico and John Leyerle. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute PublicationsAVestem Michigan University, 1993. 316-327. Print.