Popular Culture Review Vol. 25, No. 1, Winter 2014 | Page 52

48 Popular Culture Review creation of affinity networks through the internet and social media, and the spiritual development of the Chado or other traditional arts. It may also indicate a rejection of Christian or Western mores. Other individuals may be indulging in conspicuous consumption through the purchase and display of kimono, obi, and haori. For others, kimono culture may express an affinity for Japanese cultural values o ȁ