Popular Culture Review Vol. 25, No. 1, Winter 2014 | Page 31

Do We Look Like We Need Your Help? Techno-Orientalism in i\itX-M en Film Franchise The first film in the X-Men film series premiered in 2000 and was both a critical and box-office success and was one of the precursors to establish comic-book films as marketable and profitable projects that led to the massive successes of such franchises as The Dark Knight and Iron Man. Prior to this, films based on comic-book heroes were certainly not novelties as films like Spawn (1997) and Blade (1998) were released and garnered moderate success due to the already built-in demographic of fans of the source material. However, it was the first X-Men film that demonstrated the considerable global appeal of comic-book films and their potential for economic and artistic success. While earlier films like Superman (1978) and Batman (1989) were wildly popular in their respective time periods, they did not act as catalysts for the deluge of comic-book films in the marketplace or have studios clamoring for such projects in the same fashion as X-Men did. X-Men has gone on to spawn numerous sequels with much more on the way (e.g. The Wolverine (2013) and X-Men: Days o f Future Past (2014)) and has become one of the more successful comic-book franchises in terms of both ticket sales and fan and critic approval. However, the beloved nature and the immense popularity of the X-Men films exacerbated the questionable depictions of Asian/Americans as a neo-yellow peril with TechnoOrientalist imagery. At the crux of this article is the examination of the Asian/American presence in various films in the series and how TechnoOrientalism manifests itself in these films. Initially, the term “yellow peril” referred to Chinese immigrants or “coolies” during the mid-19"’ century, but later referenced Imperial Japan during World War II and again during the 1980s with the rise of Japanese corporations in various industries. The term connoted the belief that Asian (mainly Chinese) immigration to the U.S., and later the military and economic expansion by the Japanese threatened a Eurocentric worldview and standard of life. Anti-Asian sentiment was ramp