Popular Culture Review Vol. 24, No. 1, Winter 2013 | Page 102

98 Populär Culture Review fear of terrorism and environmental concems than on the poor or the dying, eventually leading to the display of political activism than humanitarianism. One major pattem that developed during the second half of the last decade is the resurgence of the charity events and recordings from the 1980s in a recycled format, such as Band Aid 20 (2005), Live 8 (2005), and Artists for Haiti (2010). Rob Tannenbaum, senior reviews editor for the music monthly, Blender also said, “We digest culture in 20-year cycles” (Leopold par. 6); he contended that we can use 20 years as a marketing device and as a nostalgic cycle. These examples lead us to some clues as to why the 20-year cycle might work. The importance of a certain cause can help people to set aside disagreements and opposing views and join the cause together. More recently, it has been with natural disasters, deaths, poverty, and hunger that brought people of the world together. With “We Are the World 25 for Haiti” by Artists for Haiti (2010), it seems the Philanthropie movement in rock music is back where it belongs, but with a new twist. The song showed the entire world that rock music can be an agent of social change, especially in times of hardships and disasters, but also it can empower the next generation of rock music fans with the power of social media, another new chapter in media technology. Conclusion This article has not attempted to disentangle all of the nuances and complexities of philanthropy in rock music because it is more about history and less about philosophy. It has focused on illustrating how historical and social circumstances and changes may have helped rock music to generate a series of charitable events and how such dynamics may have contributed to the development and the growth of broader and more integrative Philanthropie work over time. Because of the attendance in concerts, strong sales figures of records, massive airplay on the air, and satellite transmission, these events succeeded in drawing global actions from the countries linked by the consumption and production of rock music because it was much easier to attempt a global solution than it would be in other industries. Rock music’s involvement in philanthropy is still a fledgling (or perhaps overlooked) historiography in academia, with little notable scholarly research and with a tendency to focus on existing knowledge in rock musie’s relations to politics and society rather than serve new knowledge in rock musie’s relations to humanitarianism. I hope that this historical overview will be useful to a great diversity of scholars, and a variety of disciplines. Lauded for its humanitarian concem and fundraising potential and lambasted for trivializing important issues, the marriage of rock music and philanthropy may have been controversial and questionable from the moment it began, but at the same time, charity rock opened up spaces that were unthinkable in any other populär culture form, transcending time, place, nationality, age, and race. It is only natural to be cynical about benefit and charity concerts and recordings. As a matter of fact, when there have been so many charity efforts by rock musicians over the course of history, it is probably reasonable to be skeptical or