Popular Culture Review Vol. 20, No. 2, Summer 2009 | Page 89

BOOK REVIEWS 85 images continued to filter through his [Shepard’s] writing, as the hysterical excesses of Williams’s plays were transformed into the textual eruptions that characterize Shepard’s works” (106). Furthermore, many of the characters in Williams and Shepard’s works exhibit a shared concern, sometimes profound, with the concepts of history, memory, and identity; yet, in the end, “know they must keep moving, keep changing, to maintain freedom” (119). In “Sons of the South: An Examination of the Interstices in the Works of August Wilson and Tennessee Williams,” Sandra G. Shannon writes that, despite his assertions to the contrary, Wilson (,Joe Turner's Come and Gone and The Piano Lesson), was influenced by a host of other playwrights—past and present—including Williams in particular. It is, in fact, Williams “whose fiercely nontraditional and experimental playwriting style [that] typifies the common ground shared between” the two (124). Shannon proceeds to detail strong and unmistakable resonances between the two authors that includes their “challenge to traditional notions of realism onstage; their tendencies as poets toward lyrical expression, cadenced rhythms, and use of metaphor; their lovehate relationship with the South as central metaphor and site of memory; and a parade of restless and tortured men and women choosing between primal needs and individual quests to find meaning in their existence” (124). Brenda Murphy, in “Williams, Mamet, and the Artist In Extremis,” comments that even though “Williams clearly looms large on David Mamet’s cultural landscape, his influence on Mamet’s work seems less clear” (136). She locates that influence in Williams’s representations of “artists in extremis, at the end of their careers, misunderstood and rejected by an unfeeling public or by those close to them, suffering in ‘desperate circumstances,’ as Blanche DuBois would put it, but tenacious and determined to pursue their art, no matter what environment may surround them” (137). Murphy discusses this trope as it manifests in Williams’s In the Bar o f a Tokyo Hotel and Clothes for a Summer Hotel and Mamet’s Squirrels and A Life in the Theatre. Verna A. Foster looks at Beth Henley’s (Crimes o f the Heart and The Miss Firecracker Contest) work in relation to Williams’s in the essay “The Symbiosis of Desire and Death: Beth Henley Rewrites Tennessee Williams.” Foster notes that Henley’s plays seem “to be influenced by Williams’s earlier, better known plays such as The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire, and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof But it is actually his later, less realistic, more grotesque and absurdist plays written in the 1960s and 1970s that share greater dramaturgical similarities with Henley’s work” (148). Both playwrights, Foster explains, focus “on what is absurd and, therefore, comic in human existence in all its dimensions: the grotesque, the ugly, the disturbing, the sadly funny, the ridiculous, even the mean,” with the result being “that the plays in which their styles converge are not tragicomedies but dark comedies. The grotesque elements in the plays prevent the tragic experience of life that may lie just below the surface from making itself felt” (159). Thus their dramatic worlds seem more bearable and their characters more likely to go forward rather than simply