Popular Culture Review Vol. 20, No. 1, Winter 2009 | Page 71

Return of the Patriarchs 67 “Dad” and acknowledges his patriarchal authority. Previously, Robbie had referred to his father exclusively as “Ray,” except once calling him “Dad” to wake him from a sleep after calling him “Ray” had failed to do so (thereby establishing in the narrative Ray’s “true” identity as Father). Earlier in the film, Ray had objected to his son calling him by his first name, but his demand to be called “Dad” went unheeded. So, parents: if you want your kids to leam respect for your authority, send them to war. The film’s closing monologue (Morgan Freeman again!) is taken directly from the text of the novel, and was also used in the 1953 version (as is the opening monologue). For those unfamiliar with the story, the Martian invasion of Earth is stopped when the aliens are defeated by the countless Earthly germs to which humans have become immune. Some of the best science fiction has sought to bridge the gap between science and spirituality, for example The Incredible Shrinking Man and 2001: A Space Odyssey. Such is the case with the novel and first film version of War o f the Worlds. H.G. Wells gives some credit to God for placing these tiny, humble organisms on Earth to defend our planet from any alien invaders. While credit to God is given, organized religion is also the object of criticism in the novel, in the figure of the curate. The 1950s film maintains a similar stance, crediting God’s wisdom but criticizing the foolishness of Uncle Matthew, the pastor. Oddly, Spielberg’s version of the film is absent any discussion of God or religion until the closing monologue, when God is presented mostly as the handmaiden of (Social) Darwinism. Mankind triumphs over the Martians because mankind has endured; natural selection has guaranteed that mankind is fit to live upon the earth, but not the invader. Conspicuously absent from this discourse, as is generally missing from the discourse of fundamentalist conservatives, is the notion of humility before God’s creation. The values of humility and compassion espoused by Jesus are the ones missing from right wing campaign platforms and policies. The version of spirituality touted by Patriarchy does not involve developing the conscience, awaiting spirit, or heeding the angels of our better nature. Instead, Patriarchy emphasizes obedience to the will of God the father and adherence to the scriptures as the literal word of God, as interpreted by His hierarchical agents on Earth. God figures prominently in Boondock Saints, a film brought to this author’s attention by undergraduate papers written after 9/11. The film officially premiered in 1999 at a film festival in Germany, and was released in the Untied States on only five screens (for a whopping gross of $25,812.00) simultaneously with its release on video in January of 2000. The film was released on DVD in December of 2001, and has since become something of a cult favorite in some quarters, despite mixed reviews and continued argument about the film’s merits on Internet discussion boards. The story concerns two brothers from South Boston, Connor and Murphy MacManus (Sean Patrick Flannery, Norman Reedus), who get into a barroom brawl with some Russian mobsters. Killing the mobsters in self-defense calls Connor and Murphy to the attention of the police,