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16 Popular Culture Review Sound Ejfects: Youth, Leisure, and the Politics o f Rock ‘n 'Roll. New York: Pantheon, 1981. “Why Do Songs Have Words?” Lost in Music: Culture, Style and the Musical Event. The Sociological Review: Monograph 34. Ed. Avron Levine White. London: Routledge &Kegan Paul, 1987. 77-106. Gillett, Charlie. The Sound o f the City. New York: Outerbridge & Dienstfrey, 1970. Grossberg, Lawrence. “Another Boring Day in Paradise: Rock and Roll and the Empowerment of Everyday Life.” Popular Music 4 (1984): 225-58. ___ . “The Framing of Rock: Rock and the New Conservatism.” Rock and Popular Music: Politics, Policies, Institutions. Ed. Tony Bennett, Simon Frith, Lawrence Grossberg, John Shepherd, and Graeme Turner. London and New York: Routledge, 1993. 193209. ___ . “If Rock and Roll Communicates, Why Must It Be So Noisy?” Ed. David Horn. Popular Music Perspectives 2. Goteburg, Sweden: International Association for the Study of Popular Music, 1985. 451 -63. ___ . “Is There Rock After Punk?” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 3 (1986): 5074. ___ . “The Politics of Youth Culture: Some Observations on Rock and Roll in American Culture.” Social Te.xt 8 (1983-1984): 104-26. ___ . “Reply to the Critics.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 3 (1986): 86-95. Hirsch, Paul M. The Structure o f the Popular Music Industry. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 1969. Lennon, John and Paul McCartney. “Strawberry Fields Forever.” Northern Songs, Ltd., 1967. Lyrics available online at http://www.geocities.eom/SunsetStrip/Alley/5118/beatles-lyrics_0-y.zip. Lotman, Jurij. Semiotics o f Cinema. Trans, with an introduction by Mark E. Suino. Michigan State Slavic Contributions, no. 5. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1976. Martin, George. With A Little Help from My Friends: The Making o f Sgt. Pepper. New York: Little, Brown and Co., 1994. MacDonald, Ian. Revolution in the Head. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1994. Mellers, Wilfrid. Twilight o f the Gods: The Music o f The Beatles. New York: Schirmer, 1973. Palmer, Tony. All You Need Is Love: The Story o f Popular Music. London: Cox & Wyman. Ltd, 1976. Peterson, Richard A., and David A. Berger. “Cycles of Symbol Production: The Case of Popular Music.” American Sociological Review 40 (April 1975): 158-173. Rushing, Janice Hocker. “ET. as Rhetorical Transcendence.” Quarterly Journal o f Speech 71 (1985): 188-203. ____ . “Mythic Evolution of the ‘New Frontier’ in Mass Mediated Rhetoric.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 3 (1986): 265-96. Schapiro, Barbara. The Romantic Mother: Narcissistic Patterns in Romantic Poetry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1983.