Plumbing Africa May 2019 | Page 28

26 ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY Water — the growing source of global conflict In 2017 alone, water was a major factor in conflict in at least 45 countries, including Syria. Its importance as a resource means that water-related insecurity can easily exacerbate tensions and friction within and between countries. By the World Economic Forum The most intensive drought ever recorded in Syria lasted from 2006 to 2011. Water scarcity hit households, businesses, and infrastructure, while in the countryside crops failed, livestock died, and entire families moved to the country’s cities. The subsequent eruption of civil war in 2011 led to as many as half a million deaths, as well as massive migration flows to neighbouring countries and beyond, and untold misery. Syria’s war has been a tragic illustration of the central, driving role that water insecurity can play in instability and conflict. WEF This is no surprise. It can be weaponised; nefarious actors can gain control of, destroy, or redirect access to water to meet their objectives by targeting infrastructure and supplies. Advancements in cyber attacks on critical Diagram 1: Top 10 risks by impact from the WEF Global Risks Report. May 2019 Volume 25 I Number 3 www.plumbingafrica.co.za