Plant Equipment and Hire August 2017 | Page 36

Crushers and Screens
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Crushers and Screens
BR Howard & Associates
A trip hammer produced in the 1700s .
Jet Lowe Jet Lowe
Detail view looking down at the Blake jaw crusher at the Standard Gold Mill in Mono County , California — an intact example of the stamp mill that developed in the wake of the California gold rush .
Ruffner Red Ore Mine gyratory crusher in Birmingham , Alabama . screen area usage as well as processing capacity and capability .
In 1960 , the feeder-breaker was developed for underground coal mining , to follow the continuous miners . These are low-headroom machines that consist of a flight bar feeder and a rotating breaking drum with teeth or picks . The material is transferred to the tail end of the feeder , dragged towards the head end , and crushed in-line as the material passes under the drum . These machines have now been modified and upgraded to handle limestone and other non-abrasive materials . Some manufacturers identify the rock machines as impact horizontal roll crushers .
It was also in the 1960s when vibrating screens were developed and introduced . This technology still forms the basis of modern machinery today , where developments are in the form of screen types , multiple decks , and wet and dry processing .
In the early 1980s , low-speed sizers were introduced , representing one of the only fundamental developments in primary crushing machines of the 20th century . Conventional roll crushers are suitable for crushing soft to medium-strength materials and are generally designed with high
peripheral speeds , making uneven wear a major potential problem . The low-speed sizer exploits the 10:1 ratio of compressive strength to tensile and shear strength found in the majority of rocks , breaking the rock in tension using its ‘ snapping ’ and chopping action , rather than the compression used by conventional crushers . The positioning of the teeth on the rolls also allows undersize material to fall directly through , resulting in high throughputs at very low rotational speeds and in greatly reduced wear , increased energy savings , and better control of discharge size .
Current look
Today , we find crushers in various scales and configurations , depending on their application , and typically accompanied by a mechanical screening system with various set-up options , in mining and quarrying specifically , but also in the agricultural sectors , construction , and recycling , from woven wire cloth mesh , perforated and punched plates , to synthetic screen media ( typically rubber or polyurethane ). Advancements currently focus on efficiency of the machines , and adopting different technologies , materials , and durability . n
Sources
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911 Metallurgy . 2016 . Gyratory Crusher Lube System [ video ]. https :// www . youtube . com / watch ? v = LcaoFTan _ hA .
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BR Howard & Associates . 2008 . Hay Creek Trip Hammer . http :// www . brhoward . com / hay _ creek _ trip _ hammer . html .
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crusher & mill . 2014 . The history of vibrating screen in China . https :// sbjawcrusher . wordpress . com / 2014 / 10 / 03 / the-history-of-vibrating-screen-in-china .
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History . com . 2010 . The Gold Rush of 1849 . http :// www . history . com / topics / gold-rush-of-1849 .
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King , R . P . 2001 . Modeling and Simulation of Mineral Processing Systems . Delhi : Butterworth-Heinemann . https :// miningandblasting . files . wordpress . com / 2009 / 09 / modeling-and-simulation-of-mineral-processingsystems
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Lavan , L ., Zanini , E . & Sarantis , A . ( eds .). 2007 . Technology in transition : A . D . 300-650 . Late Antique Archaeology , vol . 4 . Leiden : Brill .
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Leachman , J . 2016 . Intro to the Uganda Rock Crushing Project . Hydrogen Properties for Energy Research ( HYPER ) Lab , Washington State University . https :// hydrogen . wsu . edu / 2016 / 04 / 02 / intro-to-the-ugandarock-crushing-project
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Lynch , A . J . & Rowland , C . J . 2005 . The history of grinding . Littleton , CO : Society for Mining , Metallurgy and Exploration ( SME ). https :// www . 911metallurgist . com / blog / the-history-of-grinding .
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McGrew , B . 1953 . Crushing practice and theory ( reprinted from Rock Products ). Appleton , WI : Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company .
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Michaud , D . 2016 . Screening 101 . 911 Metallurgist . https :// www . 911metallurgist . com / blog / screening-ore-rock .
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Michaud , L . D . 2015 . Crushing . 911 Metallurgist . https :// www . 911metallurgist . com / blog / crushing .
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Michaud , L . D . 2015 . Rock crusher history . 911 Metallurgist . https :// www . 911metallurgist . com / blog / rock-crusher-history .
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Screening Systems International . 2017 . History . http :// www . screeningsystems . com / PageDisplay . asp ? p1 = 11484 .
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Shanghai Yingji Machinery Trading Company . [ n . d .]. History of crushers . http :// www . machinerychina . org / faq / crusher-history . html
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Singh , P . 2013 . Tata Hitachi Zaxis-210 LCH , with Daemo DMB 210 rock breaker [ video ]. https :// www . youtube . com / watch ? v = kMSGMNtKAkw .
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Stairs , D . 2017 . Screening 101 . Aggregates Equipment . http :// aeiscreens . com / screening-101 .
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Triphammer Bierwerks . [ n . d .]. What ’ s a triphammer ? http :// www . triphammerbierwerks . com / whats-a-triphammer .
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Woods , M . & Woods , M . B . 2000 . Ancient machines : From wedges to waterwheels . Riley , J . E . & Drits , D . ( eds .). Ancient Technology series . Minneapolis , MN : Runestone Press .
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