Equivalent emf, Eeq Equivalent Internal resistance req Current in the circuit, I = nE /( R + nr / m)
or I = mnE / mR + nr
Note Current in this circuit will be maximum when external resistance is equal to the equivalent internal resistance, i. e.,
R = nr / m ⇒ mR = nr
Kirchhoff’ s Laws
There are two Kirchhoff’ s laws for solving complicated electrical circuits
( i) Junction Rule The algebraic sum of all currents meeting at a junction in a closed circuit is zero, i. e., Σ I = O.
This law follows law of conservation of charge.
( ii) Loop Rule The algebraic sum of all the potential differences in any closed circuit is zero, i. e.,
ΣV = 0 ⇒ ΣE = ΣIR This law follows law of conservation of energy.
Balanced Wheatstone Bridge
Wheatstone bridge is also known as a metre bridge or slide wire bridge.
This is an arrangement of four resistance in which one resistance is unknown and rest known. The Wheatstone bridge as shown in figure. The bridge is said to be balanced when deflection in galvanometer is zero, i. e., ig = O.
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