These errors can be removed by:
o Taking proper instrument and calibrating it properly. o Experimenting under proper atmospheric conditions and techniques. Removing human bias as far as possible
Random Errors Errors which occur at random with respect to sign and size are called Random errors.
o These occur due to unpredictable fluctuations in experimental conditions like temperature, voltage supply, mechanical vibrations, personal errors etc.
o Smallest value that can be measured by the measuring instrument is called its least count. Least count error is the error associated with the resolution or the least count of the instrument.
o Least count errors can be minimized by using instruments of higher precision / resolution and improving experimental techniques( taking several readings of a measurement and then taking a mean).