4 . Weak Nuclear Force : This force appears only in certain nuclear processes such as the β-decay of a nucleus . In β-decay , the nucleus emits an electron and an uncharged particle called neutrino . This particle was first predicted by Wolfgang Pauli in 1931 .
Name Gravitational force
Weak nuclear force
Electromagnetic force
Relative Strength |
Range |
Operates among |
|
|
All objects in the |
|
Infinite |
universe |
10 – 39
10 – 13
10 – 2
Some elementary particles , particularly Very short , Subnuclearsize ( -10 -16 m electron and neutrino )
Infinite Charged particles
Strong nuclear force |
1 |
Nucleons , heavier
Short , nuclear size ( - elementary particles
|
|
|
10 -15 m ) |