Pet Gazette June 2019 | Page 19

REPTILE | PET GAZETTE | 19 DIGESTION, IMPACTION AND NATURAL GEOPHAGY IN REPTILES How all three work together to provide the animals with the overall nutrition it needs to survive A s we have seen over the years that I have been writing these features, reptiles are highly developed, sentient animals uniquely able to thrive within the ecosystems in which they have developed. It is by both replicating these ecosystems in a safe and measured way, and by allowing natural behaviour to occur, minus the risk of predation and avoidable disease, that we as keepers help to ensure that our captive animals can as equally thrive in captivity. It is within the three aspects of overall nutrition that life is sustained and perpetuated. If we can grasp that nutrition is all encompassing, an interaction and usage of every parameter that exists around an animal. Be that as an ingestible source, or within the energy that is contained within the light, we will be able to create fantastic systems of care that allow wild-like lives. Animals encounter minerals in almost every aspect of their wild lives. Minerals are found within all food items and they are present as being suspended in all forms of water, no matter the state. They are also gleaned in the wild through purposeful and incidental www.petgazette.biz geophagy. Geophagy is the act of eating soil. Reptiles will often ingest soil as they grasp hold of food items, be it live or plant matter, but most will at times also wilfully and directly consume soil or lick rocks. Both of these behaviours are natural, useful and very safe in the properly energised, well hydrated animal. In both cases, minerals, other trace elements and some B vitamins enter the mouth and are broken down within normal digestion and assimilation. They are then made use of in the usual way within the needs and cycles of the body. Minerals such as calcium and magnesium are not only used to create and maintain skeletal health, but they also work in muscle contraction, organ function, nerve and brain health, blood chemistry and cycling, reproduction and digestion. Minerals are incredibly important, being required in natural balance in small amounts and at regular intervals. The reproductive seasons place an enormous pressure on the bodily stores of reptiles, both male and female. Eggs or young are formed and produced, the rigours of display and mating have to be tended to and for most species, all without a cataclysmic effect on the parents themselves. In these times, it is indeed more common to see reptiles purposefully ingest soil and/or lick rocks. This is the wild form of supplementation, exactly the same process that we seek to replicate by using powders. The animal, male or female will perceive a lack of minerals in the body or indeed a potential lack and seek to self-supplement in order to survive. This is a long-developed technique and one that cannot be overridden in captivity. Some species are known to ‘taste’ rocks and substrate during the courting process, this is generally thought to be an assessment of certain secretions left usually by a male. This activity may not be wilful geophagy, but particulates will still be ingested and utilised. Earlier in 2019, I was contacted by a very well-informed professional keeper seeking advice. Although, the animal in question was showing no signs of ill health, it was passing what they thought to be non-normal stools. After having the animal checked properly by a specialist vet with reptile experience we were able to ascertain that the animal was indeed in the peak of health, stool screens were run, all of which came back perfectly clear. In fact, the positive gut flora numbers were June 2019