Perspectives May 2017 and Annual Review | Page 14

EXPERT BLOG EXPERT’S OPINION: Mic ro n ut rie n ts for Pl a nt Fert ilizat ion By: Christian Dimkpa, Ph.D IFDC Scientist and Plant-Soil Biologist Micronutrients are plant nutrients needed in small quantities but that, nevertheless, contribute to crop productivity in significant ways. Micronutrients include zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), and chloride (Cl - ). As highlighted in recent reports, these nutrients perform individual as well as coordinated functions in crop physiology and development. For example, some regulate enzymatic activities because certain enzymes require them to function properly. Others play a role in the formation of chlorophyll, the green pigment of plants; in photosynthesis; in cell wall and membrane structural integrity; and in the metabolism of carbohydrates and nitrogen. Ultimately, these functions result in observable agronomic outcomes. Unfortunately, many soils around the world suffer from one or more micronutrient deficiencies. Applying these nutrients is increasingly being demonstrated to stimulate agricultural productivity. Notably, when specific micronutrients are added to crops that have been fertilized with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and/or potassium (K), additional effects on growth and yield are observed. Taken together, these benefits make micronutrients strategic in fertilizer innovation, not just O u tco m e s f ro m M i c ro n u t ri e n P l a n t g r ow t h s t i m u l at i o n ( a l l ) 13 C ro p re si l i e n c e e n h u n d e r a dv e r s e c o n d (Zn, B, Cu) Plant yield i m p r ov e m e n t ( a l l ) I m p r ov e m e n t i n n i t r use efficiency (Zn, B, Mn, Mo, Ni) C ro p n u t ri t i o n a l q u a l i t y i m p r ov e m e n t (Zn, Fe) P at h o g e n s u p p r e s s i o o r r e s i s ta n c e ( a l l )