Pennsylvania 2018 73(1) | Page 9

Introduction According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Projec- tions for 2012-2022, professional nursing is a profession with the highest projected growth rate in the next decade (Snavely, 2016). Registered nurses (RNs) play a critical role in today’s changing healthcare system. Their skills, knowledge, and compassion directly impact the delivery of safe, quality patient care. Due to our nation’s increasing elderly population, the demand for quali- fied RNs and caregivers is on the rise. According to the popula- tion reference bureau report, the number of Americans aged 65 and older is on course to double from 46 million to more than 98 million by the year 2060 (West, Cole, Goodkind, & He, 2014). This will cause the share of the overall population greater than 65 years of age to increase to 24%. As the number of older adults increases, so does the population of those suffering from chronic disease and comorbidities needing specialized geriatric care (Mather, Jacobsen, & Pollard, 2016). These demographics signal the needed increase of qualified care- givers. In addition to an increased demand for care, the aging popu- lation also affects our current healthcare workforce as a signifi- cant number of RNs near retire- ment (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2017). These combined data points suggest that by the year 2020, the United States could face a shortage of up to 800,000 nurses (see Figure 1). Another area of concern is the lack of racial and ethnic diversity among our current healthcare workforce. Research documents the advantage of a diverse healthcare workforce supported by educational advantages for diverse student populations (Henry J. Kaiser Family Founda- tion [KFF], 2016). However, the current healthcare workforce does not reflect the nation’s diversity. Although people of color repre- sent more than 25% of the total population, this group represents only 10% of healthcare profes- sionals (Noonan, Lindong, & Jaitley, 2012). Given the rapidly changing U.S. demography, it is reasonable to assume that the majority of future healthcare professionals will care for patients from many backgrounds. Furthermore, patients feel that an organiza- tion respects and values diversity when they observe collabora- tive staff of different racial and ethnic backgrounds (Shimaski & Walker, 2013). Pipeline (or pathway) program- ming promotes healthcare careers among high school students in underserved communities. These programs, which attract students who are underrepresented in medicine, may address a profes- sional nursing shortage by creat- ing a diverse base of future RNs and healthcare professionals. According to research by Holden, Rumala, Carson, and Siegel (2014), some students identify their professional path at an early age. However, student focus group findings showed that most under- represented minority urban high school students do not consider career choice until the end of their high school experience. The few who identified a career at an early age often reported that their decision was due to a defining mo- ment, experience, or exposure to the field (Holden et al., 2014). Recognizing the importance of exposing students to defin- ing moments, Lehigh Valley Health Network (LVHN) created youth programming to promote healthcare professions. The main objective of youth programming at LVHN is to provide regional Figure 1. Issue 73, 1 2018 Pennsylvania Nurse 7