Peace & Stability Journal Peace & Stability Journal Volume 6, Issue 2 | Page 17

MAJ Alan E. Van Saun is a Special Forces officer assigned to 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne). MAJ Van Saun holds a Master of Arts degree in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College and a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from the United States Military Academy. Notes: Security Cooperation is broadly defined by DoD as activities undertaken by the Department of Defense to encourage and enable international partners to work with the United States to achieve strategic objectives. Department of Defense, Department of Defense Directive (DODD) 5132.03, DoD Policy and Responsibilities Relating to Security Cooperation, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, October 24, 2008, p. 1. 2 Office of the Press Secretary, "Fact Sheet: U.S. Security Sector Assistance Policy," available from www.whitehouse.gov/thepress-office/2013/04/05/fact-sheet-us-security-sector-assistance-policy, accessed on September 20, 2015. 3 Department of Defense, Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 2012, p. 3. 4 Department of Defense, 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, March 4, 2014, p. 5. 5 Olusegun Ogundeji, "As African Standby Force become operational in two months," available from https://oluseguntoday. wordpress.com/2015/11/09/understand-the-african-standby-force-as-it-becomes-operational-in-january/, accessed December 23, 2015. 6 Kwesi Aning, "Africa: Confronting Complex Threats," Coping With Crisis Working Paper Series, February 2007, p. 6. 7 Takwa Zebulon Suifon, "ECOWAS’ Sub-regional Peacekeeping: Learning through Experience," available from http://www. wanep.org/wanep/attachments/article/101/tp_ecowas_subregional_peacekeeping.pdf, accessed December 23, 2015. 8 "Future, survival of African militaries lie in joint operations, arms purchases," The East African, September 7, 2015. 9 James Karuhanga, "East Africa: Regional Standby Force Invited as African Union Meets Over Burundi," AllAfrica.com/ stories/201511160846.html, November 14, 2015. 10 Ayorinde Oluokun, "New DHQ Spokesperson Col. Rabe resumes as Olukolade bows out," PMNews, August 4, 2015. 11 "The African Union Panel of the Wise: Strengthening Relations with Similar Regional Mechanisms," The African Centre 1 for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes, 2013. 12 These improvements include completely redesigning the ASF brigade structure, expanding and adding headquarters elements between the ASF and AU, and building additional bases. See Jeffery E. Marshall, "Building an Effective African Standby Force to Promote African Stability, Conflict Resolution and Prosperity," Crisis States Discussion Papers, No. 16, April 2009. 13 Solomon Mekonnen, "Ethiopia: Peace Support Training Centre Inaugurated," AllAfrica.com, June 28, 2015. For an additional list and map of training centers in Africa, see " Peacekeeping Training Centers in Africa, Middle East and Asia," Center for International Peace Operations, available from http://www. iaptc.org /, accessed December 27, 2015. 14 Paul D. Williams, War & Conflict in Africa, Malden, MA: Polity Press, 2011, pp. 160-162. MB