Protein
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins . Some proteins contain hundreds or even thousands of amino acids .
• There are 20 amino acids that make up over 100,000 different proteins in the human body .
• Nine out of 20 are known as essential amino acids because our bodies cannot make them , we must get them from the foods that we eat .
• Proteins can be structural or functional . Structural proteins play a major role in the solid material in all body tissues . Examples are hair , muscles , tendons and skin .
• Other proteins help with the formation of enzymes , hormones , fluids and secretions .
• Protein aides in the healing process and will be the bulk of calories .
• Protein provides energy to enable a person to lose fat and keep muscle during weight loss .
• Proteins contain 4 calories per gram .
Fat
There are 3 main purposes for fat in the body : energy storage , insulation and protection of internal organs .
• Fats also play a part in formation of steroids and hormones , immune function , maintaining body temperature , and aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins .
• Fats can be saturated or unsaturated . Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature , bacon grease and butter , for example , and have been linked to the development of heart disease .
• Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature , olive and canola oil , for example and are known as “ healthy fats ”.
• Fats contain 9 calories per gram .
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