PALESTINE Memories of 1948 - Photographs of Jerusalem | Page 117
de l’État”, Revue des mondes musulmans et de la
Méditerranée, n° 68–69, 1993.
32. See Elena Qleibo, op. cit., p. 76. Given
the lack of universities in the Gaza Strip, those
in Egypt opened their doors to Palestinian stu-
dents and offered them grants.
33. See Benny Morris, op. cit., 2003. After
1967, Moshe Dayan had the Allenby Bridge
across the Jordan rebuilt to allow regular and
free movement in both directions, encouraging
the exodus of inhabitants from the West Bank
towards Jordan. The West Bank was gradually
transformed into an appendage of Israel, which
critics called “creeping annexation”.
34. See the Unrwa website. The Jerash Camp,
known as the Gaza Camp, was opened in 1968
for 11,500 Palestinians who had had to leave
Gaza in 1967. It is considered to be the poorest
of the ten official Palestinian refugee camps in
Jordan.
35. Notably from Japan, which has been giv-
ing aid for the education of Palestinian refugees
since 2000, as is highlighted on the website of
its embassy in Jordan.
36. See Nathalie Pepiot’s thesis “Le dévelop-
pement de l’instruction et les instituteurs dans
la bande de Gaza”, supervised by Jean-Pierre
Briand, Sociology Department, Université de
Saint-Denis, Paris VIII, October 2000. In 1967,
textbooks in Gaza, which followed an Egyptian
curriculum, were censored (pages were removed,
there were blanks, corrections, additions etc.)
where they touched on the existence of Pales-
tine, the refugee problem, Palestinian resistance
under the British mandate or UN resolutions
regarding the rights of the Palestinian people.
37. Dawn Chatty, Gillian Lewando Hun-
dt, Children of Palestine: Experiencing Forced
Migration in the Middle East, New York,
Berghahn Books, 2005, p. 160.
38. See the Reuters article “Israël Bans Use of
Palestinian Term ‘Nakba’ in Textbooks”, in
Haaretz, July 22, 2009. The Department of
Education is run by an Israeli army officer.
39. See Blandine Destremau, “L’espace du
camp et la reproduction du provisoire : les
camps de réfugiés palestiniens de Wihdat et
de Jabel Hussein à Amman”, Moyen-Orient:
Migrations, démocratisation, Médiations, Grad-
uate Institute Publications, Geneva, 1994, pp.
83–99. The lands on which the camps were set
up, mostly belonged to Jordanian landowners.
The government ‘temporarily’ appropriated the
right of use, in order to make them available
to Unrwa with the aim of housing Palestinian
refugees. Salaheddin Saleh’s land lies near the
Gaza camp, but not within it.
40. To learn about the living conditions of the
Palestinians from Gaza, see the document pub-
lished on the HCR website by the Immigration
and Refugee Board of Canada. Jordan: Rights
and obligations of Palestinians living in Jordan
without Jordanian citizenship, not including
Palestinian refugees fleeing Syria since 2011,
including employment, mobility and access to
social services (2013-May 2014) http://www.ref-
world.org/docid/53ecc79d4.html (accessed April
16, 2019).
41. Zakat is the third of the five pillars of Is-
lam, after declaration of faith and prayer. It
is a legal donation that every Muslim pays in
accordance with the rules of solidarity and of
sharing within the community. This form of
charity is highly institutionalized in the Mus-
lim world, and it fills much of the gap in social
aid left by states.
42. The Camp David Accords, signed on Sep-
tember 17, 1978, between Egypt and Israel,
were negotiated by Sadat and Begin and facil-
itated by Jimmy Carter. The Israeli–Jordanian
peace treaty, known as the Wadi Araba Ac-
cords, were signed on October 26, 1994.
43. See the article by Anne-Marie Eddé,
“Saladin”, in Les clés du Moyen-Orient, March
16, 2011, on the subject of the spirit of chival-
ry, generosity and magnanimity evoked by the
name of Saladin in the West, and of the unifier
of the Arabs and conqueror of Jerusalem that
he represents to the East. Saladin’s resistance
against the Crusaders is a recurring motif in
the Palestinian discourse and more generally in
the Arab world. The author has published a bi-
ography of Saladin (Paris, Flammarion, 2008).
A scene of rural
life before 1914
Salaheddin
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