Overture Magazine - 2018-19 Season BSO_Overture_JanFeb_19 | Page 21
on May 4, 1795, Salomon had left the
concert business, and Haydn moved
over to another series, led by the noted
violinist Viotti. These concerts boasted an
orchestra of 60 musicians, a remarkably
lavish ensemble for the day.
Haydn’s last symphony capitalized on
the instrumental resources at his disposal.
And it capitalized also on his long creative
experience: his gift for building compelling
movements from the most economical
material, his formal and harmonic daring
and his lively penchant for constantly
upsetting the audience’s expectations.
Its first movement begins with a slow
introduction in D minor. This provides
the symphony’s core motives while creating
tremendous dramatic tension. This is then
delightfully released when the Allegro
section begins with its cheerful theme
in brighter D major. Its pattern of four
repeated notes and the introduction’s
sighing motive build a powerful
development section.
Movement two begins with a melody
full of innocent charm. The melody’s
creeping tread is full of startling little
accents that suggest trouble ahead. And
when the music moves to G minor, all
hell breaks loose — dynamically and
harmonically. From now to the end, the
two moods battle, producing some daring
harmonies. The close recovers the innocent
mood, but with deeper feeling, enhanced
by a solo flute.
The crisply rhythmic minuet is forceful
to the point of aggression. The contrasting
trio section has gently flowing music for
woodwinds and violins in the style of the
Austrian country dance the ländler.
The rollicking sonata-form finale features
a Croatian folk tune over a drone bass as its
principal theme. The middle development
section expands the descending second
theme and carries it into futuristic harmonic
territory. Out of his merry Croatian song,
Haydn contrives an ending as majestic as the
symphony’s beginning.
Instrumentation: Two flutes, two oboes,
two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two
trumpets, timpani and strings.
Notes by Janet E. Bedell, © 2019
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