Over the Bow Volume 80 Issue 1 2021_v2 | Page 68

CASE STUDY

ON 26JUN17, EAGLE was sailing, enroute to Prince Edward Island in the Cabot Straight, to the northeast of Cape Breton Island, Canada. Winds were light and variable and we were proceeding slowly to the west. At 0804( UTC) I observed the sun rising with the upper limb approximately 1 / 3 of a finger’ s width above the horizon. At 2400( UTC), I observed the sun setting with the upper limb approximately 1 / 3 of a finger’ s width above the horizon. Adding the times of sunrise and sunset, and dividing by 2, yielded a time of 1602 – the“ observed” time of LAN. As per the Nautical Almanac( or the mnemonics above), the equation of time yielded a predicted time for LAN of 1203. Converting time to arc( 1 hour of time equals 15 o of longitude and 1 minute of time equals 15 minutes of longitude) yields an offset of 60 o 15’ from the Greenwich Meridian – i. e., a longitude of 060 o – 15’ West. I also observed Polaris shortly after sunset. Using my hand, and multiple observations, I measured it to be approximately 4 vertical fists(@ 10 o) + 3 finger widths(@ 2 o) = 46 o above the horizon( i. e., Latitude of 46 o N). Thus, my manually calculated position was 46 o-00’ N 060 o-15’ W at sunset. The actual position, as per GPS, was 47 o-07.1’ N 060 o-51.9’ W. My calculated Latitude was off by approximately 1 degree 7 minutes and my calculated longitude was off by approximately 37 minutes. Plotting these positions revealed that my manual determination was accurate to within approximately 74 miles- very reassuring. Note that the imprecision described above was also impacted by the fact that EAGLE was moving( albeit not particularly fast). In particular, from the time that I observed sunrise, to the time that I observed Polaris, EAGLE had sailed approximately 69 miles to the west( for an average speed of approximately 4 kts). If EAGLE had not been moving, or moving only very slowly( similar to a life raft), then the error in our observed position would have been a bit lower or a bit higher( depending upon the exact speed). Of note, I was able to achieve similar results on other days and on other passages. The bottom line is that these techniques work.

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