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It might help to look at the basic sleep patterns. Doctors use common patterns to
identify specific problems.
The Sleep Cycle
Just as basic as food and vital to both emotional and physical well being,
sufficient sleep is a basic human need. And it has been found that sleep comes
in cycles, on a daily rhythm. You have heard this referred to as the biologic clock.
It’s the daily cycle of life, which includes sleeping and waking.
The sleep-wake cycles in humans, per scientific study, are shown to be sparked
by light signals coming through the eyes. The response to these light signals in
the brain is an important factor in sleep and also in keeping the normal rhythm.
The approach of dusk each day prompts the pineal gland in the body to produce
the hormone called melatonin. Experts believe that this hormone is critical for the
body's time sense. Levels of melatonin increase in darkness and the levels drop
after staying in bright light. In proof of these researches, it has been found that
people who are totally blind often have trouble sleeping and have other body
rhythm problems.
Daily rhythms can get interference or be changed by individual patterns. The
monthly menstrual cycle can shift the pattern of sleeping and waking in women.
Changes in season can unsettle the sleeping pattern.
Sleep consists of two separate stages, and understanding these is all part of
understanding the sleep cycle. A person progresses through each of these
stages about five or six times each night.
The first is called Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (Non-REM). Also called
quiet sleep, it is further subdivided into three stages: