Outlook English - Print Subscribers Copy Outlook English, 02 July 2018 | Page 16

COVER STORY a month before monsoons, when the encephalitis rush begins. How many and when are key variables, and therein lies an ess­ential part of the story. Of the 3,000 patients who visit BRD daily, many arrive too late, after first having visi­ted ‘jho- la-chhap’ doctors, as quacks are known here. Which means, essentially, that rural healthcare has failed them. It either isn’t there, or is grossly inadequate. This is a common theme across India. In the hinterland around Nashik visited by Outlook, whatever exists by way of primary healthcare is so under-­ staffed, so poorly provided for, that doctors can only refer patients down the line. So, parents head from primary to sec- ondary to district hospital, and they crumble under thousands of sick children (see ‘The Broken System That Kills the Kids’). But, Gorakhpur first. During several visits by Outlook to BRD early in June, the hospital appeared far from combat-ready. The usual dereliction is everywhere: bulbs hang from naked wires, a disgracefully unhygienic water tap sits next to the principal’s office. Inside, Ganesh Kumar is a tad stoic. “We could get the same number of patients this year, or we could get twice as many,” he says. Not reassuring, considering things look as creaky as before, if not worse. In February, BRD was ravaged by fire. Then there’s that chilling and conspicuous absence: no doctors are to be seen in its paediatric wards. The hospital has 950 beds, of which 500 are for children. Yet, it has only six paediatricians. Of its 163 posts for doctors, 27 are vacant as of June. Every doctor handles up to 400 patients on some days. “I recently app­ointed 12 doctors, but only two showed up. Doctors fear being suspended so they don’t come here,” says Kumar, allud- ing to the nine doctors arrested last year, seven of whom are still in Gorakhpur jail, following the oxygen fiasco. BRD ­Medical College has 950 beds, of which 500 are for children. Yet, it has only six paediatricians. Of its 163 posts for doctors, 27 are vacant as of June. I T’S a curiously Indian paradox: medical colleges are proliferating, but doctors can’t be found in key nodal hospitals that service entire rural swathes around it. It’s as true of Karnataka (see ‘Where Fewer Babies Die Now’) as it is of UP, where there’s an unmet need for 7,000 doctors! “It’s a contradiction for which our public healthcare suffers badly,” says A.K. Sharma, professor of sociology at IIT Kanpur. “Every government department—health, education, sanitation—has staff shortages even as unemployment persists,” he says. How do these contradictions exist—why does the dem­and-­supply dynamic not plug this gap? In his research, public p ­ olicy and planning expert Santosh Mehrotra, who teaches at JNU in Delhi, found systemically created short- ages everywhere. In a 2017 study, he notes that only three of 13 UP medical colleges had regular principals. Incidentally, BRD’s last principal, ­Rajeev Mishra, was an ad-hoc man—he is currently in jail, facing trial for the oxygen fiasco. The lack of prioritisation shows everywhere. In its latest budget, UP hiked the outlays for roads and electricity the most. Mirroring the national trend, the smallest increases were res­ erved for health and education. “And they already have much 16 OUTLOOK 2 July 2018 Odisha/Calcutta SANJIB MUKHERJEE HOPE & FATALISM (Above) Shishu Bhawan, Cuttack; Nilratan Sarkar Hospital, Calcutta THE CHILDREN’S WARD IS FULL From the east, tales of entrenched neglect­ and its usual victims by Dola Mitra in Calcutta and Sandeep Sahu in Cuttack T HE sun, they say, has been setting on India’s east. It has caught up with the benighted north, in terms of the acronym that was meant to connote sickness: BIMARU status. The little girl doesn’t know all this. All she knows is that her cot has bedbugs. And that rats are scuttling between the beds. Her mother sleeps on the floor, with the rodents and mites. Hassan Haji, a 30-year-old farmer from Hooghly, had first taken his four- year-old girl to a local clinic, but they couldn’t diagnose why she had excruciating stomach pain. The two-hour journey to Calcutta brought a new kind of “nightmare”—but also salvation. Here, in Nilratan Sarkar Hospital, there’s anger, hurt and ulti- mately resignation to every horror. “You’re lucky your daughter got a bed,” says Enait Younus, a young labourer from Howrah. His two-year-old son, bleeding from the nose, was crammed onto a bed with others. Come dawn, men pace nervously on the dusty lawns outside. Fathers, grandpas, uncles—males spend their night under the open sky. Women jostle on the ward floor. But they’re all relieved—their kids are in good hands. Hassan’s daugh- ter’s pain has subsided. Enait’s son’s nosebleed has stopped. What conclusion can be drawn: that even if offered in squalor, the quality of childcare has improved? There are other times to recall, days and nights of death. People can’t forget September 2013, when 35 children died within five days in the east’s biggest