On Vacation Guide Book Moscow | Page 19

1 0 .   K U T A F Y A T O W E R КРЕМЛЬ This is the only surviving of the bridge towers of the Kremlin , which served to protect the bridges leading to the fortress . It was built in 1516 under the direction of the Milan architect Aleviz Fryazin . Low , surrounded by a moat and a river , with the only gates that were tightly closed at the moment of danger , the tower was a formidable barrier to the besieging the fortress . The tower had no cover , consisted of two combat tiers , on the top platform were mounted loopholes . In 1685 the tower was decorated with an openwork decorative top . Lifting bridges across the moat , which was surrounded by a tower , led to the side tower gates . To this day , at the side gate , you can see the remaining cracks for the chains of lifting mechanisms .