Comments: Measures the general level of primary education graduation. As this calculation includes all graduates (regardless of age), the ratio can exceed 100%, due to over-aged and under-aged children who enter primary school for the first time early/late or/and repeat a grade. In some countries, the results of graduation might be driven by the availability of places in secondary education, so care should be taken in making comparisons.
Net Enrolment Rate (NER) - Enrolment of the official age-group for a given level of education expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population (from Census data).
Comments: Measures the extent of participation in a given level of education of children or youths belonging to the official age-group corresponding to the level of education.
Net Intake Rate (NIR) - New entrants in the first grade of Primary that are of the official primary school-entrance age (5 yrs), expressed as a percentage of the population of the same age as given by Census Data.
Comments: To precisely measure access to primary education by the eligible population of primary school-entrance age.
Repetition Rate (RR) - Proportion of students from a cohort enrolled in a given grade/form in a given school year who study in the same grade/form in the following school year.
Comments: This indicator measures the phenomenon of students repeating a grade/form, and its effect on the internal efficiency of educational systems. RR ideally should approach 0%. High RR reveals problems in the internal efficiency of the educational system and possibly reflects a poor level of instruction. When compared across grades/forms, the patterns can indicate specific grades for which there is higher repetition, hence requiring more in depth study of causes and possible remedies. The level and maximum number of grade repetitions allowed can in some cases be determined by the educational authorities with the aim of coping with limited grade capacity; this would increase the internal efficiency and flow of students. Care should therefore be taken in interpreting the RR indicator, especially in comparisons across education systems.
Transition Rate (TR) - The number of students admitted to the first grade of a higher level of education in a given year, expressed as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of the lower level of education in the previous year.