some varieties, the first year of growth will produce berries. With others the first year grows canes up to 5m long that produce only leaves. In the second year, fruit-bearing side branches develop. After fruiting, these canes die back. The fruit will begin to form in early summer. The Rubus species of plants can spread vigorously as the canes root themselves whenever they touch the ground. To control their rampant growth, place upright poles around a narrow bed and string wire around them to create a 'cage'. Whenever a cane starts growing out of the fenced area, wind it back inside. Once the designated growing area is full, remove any new growth that emerges outside this area. Keep the new growth thinned out to about 15 canes per square metre. In late winter or early spring, cut the canes back to encourage new growth in spring. Be careful when working with these plants as the canes are covered in little prickles that hook you unmercifully. Healing properties: Raspberry is known as the 'woman's herb' for its many uses for menstruation and during pregnancy. Raspberry leaves and fruit are rich in vitamins and minerals. They are also full of antioxidants. This is an astringent herb, used to treat digestive disorders,
sore throats and mouth ulcers. How to use: Infusion (leaves) – drink during the last six to eight weeks of pregnancy to strengthen and tone uterine tissues; drink to increase breast milk and as a general tonic.
Despite its popularity in the kitchen, sage has been used for far longer as a medicinal herb than as a culinary one. In ancient times, sage symbolised wisdom, good health and long life. In the garden: Sage comes in a variety of colours, sizes and scents, from the deliciously sweet pineapple sage, with its bright red spiky flowers, to purple, tricolour and pale green varieties. Native to the Mediterranean, it needs well-drained soil and plenty of sun. It likes being pruned in early spring, which not only keeps it healthy but also maintains its shape. After five years or so, sage becomes woody and straggly and needs to be replaced. Grow new plants from the parent plant by layering. Healing properties: The Latin name of this herb means 'to heal' or 'to save'. Egyptian women drank sage to increase fertility and the Chinese revered it so much they were willing to trade four times the weight of fine tea for sage. It is excellent to reduce hot flushes and night sweats. How to use: Infusion or tincture – to treat night sweats and hot flushes.
Sage
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Tall evening primrose, with its bright yellow, sweetly-scented flowers, is a must-have in the herb garden. For centuries it was grown as a culinary rather than medicinal herb. However, research in the 1980s discovered that the oil from the seeds has valuable medicinal properties. In the garden: Sow seed directly where it is to grow in spring to early summer. It likes full sun and well-drained soil. It can grow in poor soils, but dislikes too much moisture or soggy soil. In the right conditions it will self-seed quite rampantly if allowed. Healing properties: The seed oil is where evening primrose's main medicinal benefits lie. Evening primrose oil contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). This is an essential fatty acid that our bodies cannot produce. Evening primrose helps keep skin healthy, balance female hormones, reduce eczema and improve circulation. It also helps reduce swelling and eases depression and hyperactivity. How to use: Oil (seed) – internally to strengthen the heart in stressed situations, to relieve premenstrual or menopausal symptoms, to calm hyperactivity and lift depression.
Evening Primrose
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