Observing Memories Issue 2 | Page 49

programme, providing financial support for multi-national projects focusing on historical and collective memory, and the Erasmus+ programme, supporting international exchange and study visits, to name just two. Critical self-reflection about history and historical responsibility at national level could give rise to a truly European reflexive discourse on the history of this continent, with national collective memories eventually contributing to and merging into a European public sphere. To date, Europe has been primarily concerned with narrating its past ex negativo. While such a negative foundation might provide a strong sense of purpose and help to legitimise the “European project”, it is also an unwritten invitation to be politically passive in the present. Only by tackling the past in a self-assured manner, equally able to acknowledge historical accomplishments and admit mistakes of the past without bias and by accepting accountability, will European societies be able to move into the future more confidently. German Nazi death camp Auschwitz in Poland, arrival of Hungarian Jews, Summer 1944. The image is part of the Auschwitz Album (see here and here, Yad Vashem.) | Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-N0827-318 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 EUROPE INSIGHT 47