O-Engineers O-Engineers Aug 2017 | Page 44

This is known as perceptual linear prediction (PLP). The actual speech spectrum (obtained by a DFT of the speech samples) is modified based on the prin- ciples of critical-band auditory masking and the un- equal sensitivity of human hearing at different fre- quencies [4]. The next step is to convert the predictor coefficients into feature vectors. Examples of such vectors in- clude the predictor coefficients themselves, cepstral coefficients and their derivatives, line spectral pairs (LSP), log area ratios (LAR), vocal-tract area functions, and the impulse response h (n) of the filter H(z) [5]. For speaker recognition, the cepstral coefficients were found to provide the best results [6]. Cepstrum provides a good measure of the differ- ence in the spectral envelope of the speech frames that the cepstral vectors were derived from. 44