27. Teat and Udder Surgery, 223 Andrew J. Niehaus
General Considerations, 223 Basics Required for Successful Teat Surgery, 223 Surgical Technique for Closure of Full- thickness Teat Defects, 224 Procedures to Re- establish Milk Flow, 229 Treatment of Leaky Teats, 236 Teat Amputation, 237 Amputation of the Udder or Portions of the Udder, 239 References, 245
28. Urethral Extension to Correct Urovagina, 247 Brianna A. Jordan
General Considerations, 247 Supplies, 247 Presurgical Procedures, 247 Anesthesia, 248 Surgical Technique, 248 Postoperative Care, 250 Reference, 250