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1550 | m a TThew 10:3

An drew; James son of Zeb e dee, and his broth er John; 3 Phil ip and Bar thol o mew; Thom as and Matthew the tax col lec tor; James son of Al phae us, and Thad dae us; 4 Si mon the Zeal ot and Ju das Is car i ot, who be trayed him.

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These twelve Jesus sent out with the fol low ing in struc tions:“ Do not go among the Gen tiles or en ter any town of the Sa mar i tans. 6 Go rath er to the lost sheep of Is ra el. 7 As you go, pro claim this mes sage:‘ The king dom of heav en has come near.’

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Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse those who have lep ro sy, a drive out de mons. Free ly you have re ceived; free ly give.

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“ Do not get any gold or sil ver or cop per to take with you in your belts—

10 no bag for the jour ney or ex tra shirt or san dals or a staff, for the work er

a 8 The Greek word traditionally translated leprosy was used for various diseases affecting the skin. by name in Matthew. James son of Zebedee, and his brother John James, John and Peter serve as Jesus’ inner circle and often are privy to special circumstances( see 17:1; 26:37). 10:3 Philip Not mentioned anywhere else in Matthew( compare Jn 1:43 – 48; 6:5 – 7; 12:21 – 22; 14:8 – 9). This apostle is not the same as Philip the evangelist in the book of Acts( Ac 6:5; 8:1 – 8; 21:8). Bartholomew Traditionally thought to be Nathanael( see Jn 1:46); not mentioned anywhere else in Matthew. Thomas Not mentioned anywhere else in Matthew( compare Jn 11:16; 14:5; 20:24 – 28; 21:2). Matthew the tax collector See note on Mt 9:9. James son of Alphaeus A second James, differentiated by the name of his father. Thaddaeus He is mentioned here and in Mark’ s list, but the lists in Luke and Acts have“ Judas, son of James.” The other disciples appear on all four lists( with the exception of Judas Iscariot, who was dead by Ac 1). The identity of Thaddeus remains uncertain. 10:4 Simon the Zealot The Greek word used here to describe Simon, kananaios, translates an Aramaic word meaning“ enthusiast.” In the first century, the term could refer to a sect of Jewish anti-Roman activists or describe a person of religious zeal. This Simon is not mentioned anywhere else in Matthew. See the table“ Major Groups in Jesus’ Time” on p. 1630. Judas Iscariot Judas’ placement at the end of the list

The Twelve Apostles probably reflects his later betrayal of Jesus( see Mt 26:14 – 16,25,47 – 49; 27:3). 10:5 Gentiles Jesus first extends his announcement of the kingdom of heaven to the Jews, who were eagerly awaiting its arrival. Their eventual rejection of Jesus leads to the Gentile mission, which receives its clearest expression in the ministry of the apostle Paul( e. g., Ac 9:15). Samaritans Refers to people of mixed Israelite and foreign descent who lived in the region of Samaria( formerly the northern kingdom of Israel). See note on Jn 4:9. 10:6 the lost sheep of Israel Refers to Jews. 10:7 The kingdom of heaven has come near The disciples were to preach the same message that Jesus preached and that John the Baptist preached before him( compare Mt 3:2; 4:17). See note on 3:2.

10:8 The actions listed here authenticate the disciples’ message. These actions also show the arrival of the kingdom of heaven( Lk 4:17 – 19).

10:8 Freely you have received; freely give Jesus calls on the disciples to share the blessings of the kingdom of heaven with no expectation of being compensated. 10:9 Do not get The disciples were to go without money or supplies. Their needs would be met through God’ s provision.

Distinct, attractive tables for deeper study

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